IGCSE biology notes on transport must separate diffusion, osmosis, and active transport — students often merge definitions in exams.

Hub: IGCSE biology notes · Movement in/out of cells.

Comparison table for your notes

Process	Needs energy?	Needs membrane proteins?	Example
Diffusion	No	No	CO₂ into leaf
Osmosis	No	No (water)	Root water uptake
Active transport	Yes	Yes	Ion uptake in gut

Add water potential bullet if on Extended syllabus.

Practical notes

Summarise potato/osmosis practical: independent variable, control, conclusion in osmotic terms.

Frequently asked questions

Is osmosis diffusion?

Note: osmosis is diffusion of water only — write precisely.

Plant transport next?

Plant transport notes.

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