Electromagnetic Induction IGCSE Physics: Complete Guide

⚡ Understanding Electromagnetic Induction in IGCSE Physics

Electromagnetic induction generates electricity from changing magnetic fields. This guide covers Faraday’s law and practical applications.

🧠 Memory Tips

Faraday’s Law: “Changing Flux Induces EMF”

• Changing magnetic flux
• Induces EMF in conductor
• Rate of change: Determines EMF size

Lenz’s Law: “Induced Current Opposes Change”

• Opposes the change causing it
• Conservation of energy principle

Applications: “Generators Transformers Motors”

• Generators: Mechanical to electrical
• Transformers: Change voltage levels
• Motors: Electrical to mechanical

📚 Key Concepts

Electromagnetic Induction

• Definition: EMF induced by changing magnetic flux
• Faraday’s law: EMF ∝ rate of flux change
• Lenz’s law: Direction opposes change
• Applications: Generators, transformers

Generators

• AC generator: Rotating coil in magnetic field
• DC generator: Uses commutator
• EMF induced: By changing flux
• Energy conversion: Mechanical to electrical

Transformers

• Step-up: Increase voltage
• Step-down: Decrease voltage
• Turns ratio: Vₚ/Vₛ = Nₚ/Nₛ
• Power conservation: VₚIₚ = VₛIₛ

🎯 Exam Focus

Common Questions:

1. Explain electromagnetic induction (5 marks)
2. Calculate transformer ratios (4 marks)
3. Compare AC and DC generators (4 marks)

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