Density and Applications IGCSE Physics: Complete Guide

📏 Understanding Density in IGCSE Physics

Density relates mass to volume and explains floating and sinking. This guide covers density calculations and practical applications.

🧠 Memory Tips

Density Formula: “Mass Volume”

• ρ = m/V (density = mass/volume)
• Units: kg/m³ or g/cm³

Floating Rule: “Less Dense Floats”

• Object density < Fluid density: Floats
• Object density > Fluid density: Sinks

📚 Key Concepts

What is Density?

• Definition: Mass per unit volume
• Formula: ρ = m/V
• Property: Characteristic of materials
• Applications: Identification, separation

Measuring Density

• Regular objects: Measure dimensions
• Irregular objects: Displacement method
• Liquids: Density bottle or hydrometer
• Gases: Special techniques needed

Floating and Sinking

• Archimedes principle: Buoyant force
• Floating condition: ρ_object < ρ_fluid
• Sinking condition: ρ_object > ρ_fluid
• Neutral buoyancy: ρ_object = ρ_fluid

🎯 Exam Focus

Common Questions:

1. Calculate density (3 marks)
2. Explain floating and sinking (4 marks)
3. Describe density measurements (4 marks)

🚀 Master Density

Excel in density physics with comprehensive calculations and applications.

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