✉️ Formal Letter Writing — the format

Make a request, complaint or application to someone you do not know, and make it easy to say yes to.

Writing for: An official you have never met. They are busy and will skim for what you want.

Register: Formal

Length: Usually 200–350 words. Check your paper's stated range.

Audience: An official you have never met

The format, in order

  1. 1

    Sender's address

    Top right, no name above it, no punctuation at line ends.

  2. 2

    Date

    Below the sender's address, written in full.

    14 March 2026

  3. 3

    Recipient's address

    Left-aligned, below the date.

  4. 4

    Salutation

    'Dear Sir or Madam' if unnamed; 'Dear Mr Okafor' if named. Never 'Dear Sir/Madam,' with a slash.

  5. 5

    Opening paragraph

    State why you are writing in the first sentence. No preamble.

    I am writing to apply for the position of volunteer coordinator advertised in the March newsletter.

  6. 6

    Body

    One paragraph per point, strongest first. Evidence over assertion.

  7. 7

    Closing paragraph

    State what you want to happen next and by when.

    I would be grateful if you could confirm arrangements before the end of term.

  8. 8

    Sign-off

    'Yours faithfully' when you opened with Sir or Madam; 'Yours sincerely' when you used a name. This pairing is a mark.

What the marks are for

Content

  • ✓Purpose clear in the opening sentence
  • ✓Every point the task required, developed
  • ✓A specific requested action
  • ✓Tone appropriate to the relationship

Language

  • ✓Formal register with no contractions or slang
  • ✓Correct and complete letter conventions
  • ✓Varied, controlled sentence structures
  • ✓Polite but firm — not pleading, not aggressive

What loses marks

  • ✗Pairing 'Dear Sir or Madam' with 'Yours sincerely' — the mismatch is an easy mark to lose
  • ✗Writing 'Dear Sir/Madam' with a slash
  • ✗Burying the purpose in paragraph three
  • ✗Using contractions or exclamation marks in a formal letter
  • ✗Ending without saying what you actually want to happen

Phrases that work

  • I am writing to express my concern regarding…
  • I should like to draw your attention to…
  • I would be grateful if you could…
  • I trust you will give this matter your consideration.
  • I look forward to your response.

Before you hand it in

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Command words cheat sheet

Where this is examined

  • · Cambridge IGCSE First Language English (0500) — directed writing
  • · Cambridge IGCSE ESL (0510) — writing
  • · Edexcel International GCSE English Language (4EA1) — transactional writing
  • · Cambridge O Level English Language (1123)

Word counts, paper numbers and mark allocations are set by the syllabus for your session and change between series. Always check your current syllabus and your teacher's guidance before relying on a length or a mark split given here.

Other writing formats

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