Formal letter conventions
Layout + formal register + clear purpose = a high-scoring formal letter.
A formal letter follows a precise layout convention. Examiners will award marks for demonstrating knowledge of this layout β but only if it is combined with appropriate content and register.
Standard formal letter layout:
[Your address β top right]
[Date]
[Recipient's name/title and address β left aligned]
Dear [Sir/Madam OR Name],
[Opening paragraph: state your reason for writing clearly]
[Body paragraphs: develop your argument, concern, or request]
[Closing paragraph: summarise and state what action you are requesting]
Yours faithfully, [if you opened with 'Dear Sir/Madam']
Yours sincerely, [if you opened with a named recipient, e.g. 'Dear Ms Ahmed']
[Your full name]
The sign-off rule:
- 'Dear Sir/Madam' β 'Yours faithfully'
- 'Dear [Name]' β 'Yours sincerely'
This is a standard convention in British English. Using the wrong sign-off signals carelessness to an examiner.
Formal register features:
- No contractions ('I am' not 'I'm'; 'it is' not 'it's')
- No colloquial vocabulary
- Complex sentence structures acceptable
- Third person or measured first person ('I' is fine in formal letters, but avoid the casual 'I think' β prefer 'I would argue' / 'I wish to draw your attention to')
- Hedged or deferential language where appropriate: 'I respectfully request...', 'I should be grateful if...'
Opening paragraph β state your reason:
"I am writing to express my concerns regarding the recent decision to close the school's after-school library provision." "I am writing in response to your article of 14th May, which I found to be misleading in several significant respects."
Body β develop with clarity: Each paragraph covers one point. Formal letters are typically 3-4 body paragraphs. Use formal connectives: 'Furthermore...', 'In addition...', 'It is worth noting that...', 'I would also draw your attention to...'
Closing paragraph β request action:
"I would be grateful for a written response within 14 days. Should you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me." "I urge you to reconsider this decision in light of the evidence I have presented above."
- Address top right, date below it, recipient address left β this layout signals form knowledge.
- 'Dear Sir/Madam' β 'Yours faithfully'. 'Dear [Name]' β 'Yours sincerely'.
- Opening paragraph: state your reason for writing clearly and precisely.
- Closing paragraph: state what action you are requesting.
- No contractions, no colloquial vocabulary, measured formal tone throughout.