IGCSE 2026 Exam Trends: Edexcel Geography 4GE1

Edexcel IGCSE Geography (4GE1) is assessed with Paper 1 (physical/human topics), Paper 2 (investigation/fieldwork), and Paper 3 (or component 3) as per the current spec. Here are recent trends for 2026.

Paper format and structure

• 4GE1 – Paper 1 (and any other written components) and Paper 2 (investigation/fieldwork); structure unchanged for 2025–2026. Check the current spec for exact component breakdown.
• Resource-based questions (maps, photos, graphs, data) are central; application to the resource and geographical terminology are required.
• Fieldwork – aims, methods, data presentation, conclusions, evaluation (reliability, limitations, improvements) are regularly examined.

Question types and topics that keep coming up

• Physical: Rivers, coasts, weather and climate, ecosystems; processes (e.g. erosion, deposition) and landforms; diagrams and explanation with correct terms.
• Human: Population, settlement, economic activity, development, resource management; causes, effects, responses; case studies with specific place and detail.
• Resources: Maps, photos, graphs, data – describe, compare, explain using the resource; own knowledge to explain or evaluate.
• Fieldwork: Hypothesis/aim, method (sampling, equipment), presentation (graphs, maps), conclusion from data, evaluation (reliability, limitations, improvements).

Are papers getting easier or harder?

• Standards are maintained via grade boundaries. Reports cite resource not used, vague case studies, fieldwork evaluation underperforming, and generic explanations.
• No reported shift in difficulty; use of resource and specific geographical knowledge are key.

Similarity to past papers and predictability

• Format matches past Edexcel series. Past papers are a good guide to resource-based style and fieldwork demands.
• Topics are predictable from the spec; contexts (location, data) vary. Exact questions are not predictable; marking focus (use of resource, terminology, evaluation) is.

Examiner expectations and marking

• Resource – use the map/photo/graph/data in the answer; describe then explain; geographical terms.
• Case studies – specific place and detail (facts, figures, named examples); causes, effects, responses.
• Fieldwork – aim, method, conclusion from data, evaluation with specific points. Marking consistent with past series.

Assessment style and skills in demand

• Application to resources; geographical terminology; case study detail; fieldwork analysis and evaluation.

Focus areas for 2026 revision

1. Resources – use every resource in the question; describe and explain with terminology.
2. Case studies – named place, specific facts; causes, effects, responses.
3. Fieldwork – aim, method, presentation, conclusion, evaluation (reliability, limitations).
4. Diagrams – correct labels and explanation of processes.
5. Command words – “describe”, “explain”, “evaluate”; match level of detail to marks.

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Based on current specification and examiner reports. Always use the latest Edexcel 4GE1 specification for your series.