Why command terms matter in IB MYP

IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) command terms are instructional verbs that define learning objectives and assessment criteria across MYP subject groups. They indicate the level of thinking and type of performance required. Understanding them helps you answer correctly and prepares you for the Diploma Programme. They are closely linked to ATL (Approaches to Learning) skills.

IB MYP command terms by cognitive level

MYP command terms are based on Bloom’s taxonomy and are organised into four levels. Source: MYP From Principles to Practice (2014)

Understand (explain ideas/concepts)

Command term	What to do
Annotate	Add brief notes to a diagram or text
Classify	Arrange by class or category
Describe	Give a detailed account
Document	Create a record of
Identify	Recognise and state briefly
Outline	Give a brief account or summary
State	Give a specific name, value or brief answer

Apply (use information in familiar situations)

Command term	What to do
Apply	Use knowledge or rules in context
Calculate	Obtain a numerical answer with working
Demonstrate	Make clear by reasoning or examples
Derive	Obtain from given information
Estimate	Obtain an approximate value
Formulate	Express precisely
Measure	Obtain a value using instruments
Predict	Give an expected result
Present	Offer for display or consideration
Prove	Demonstrate validity
Sketch	Rough drawing with key features
Solve	Find an answer
Use	Apply knowledge or rules

Analyse (break information into parts)

Command term	What to do
Analyse	Break down to show essential elements
Argue	Give reasons for or against
Compare	Give account of similarities
Compare and contrast	Similarities and differences
Contrast	Give account of differences
Deduce	Reach a conclusion from information
Discuss	Offer a balanced review with evidence
Distinguish	Make clear the differences
Examine	Consider in detail; uncover assumptions
Explore	Investigate systematically
Infer	Reach a conclusion from evidence
Interpret	Recognise trends; draw conclusions
Investigate	Observe or study systematically
Reflect	Think about; consider

Evaluate/Create (make judgements; create new understanding)

Command term	What to do
Appraise	Evaluate the quality or value
Comment	Give a judgment with evidence
Construct	Build or create
Design	Plan or produce a model
Evaluate	Weigh up strengths and limitations
Justify	Give reasons to support
Synthesize	Combine ideas to create new understanding

MYP vs DP: articulation

MYP command terms are designed to articulate with the Diploma Programme. The same terms (Describe, Explain, Evaluate, Discuss) appear in both, so mastering them in MYP supports success in DP.

Practical tips

1. Underline the command term before answering
2. State = short; Describe = account; Explain = reasons
3. Evaluate = strengths and limitations + conclusion
4. Discuss = range of arguments + balanced conclusion
5. Check criterion descriptors in your subject guide

How Tutopiya helps

Tutopiya supports IB MYP with tutors who understand command terms and assessment criteria. Explore IB resources or book a free trial.

---

Based on MYP From Principles to Practice (2014), Appendix 3. Command terms may vary slightly by subject.