IB DP Physics: Command Terms and Keywords
IB DP Physics: Command terms and keywords
IB Diploma Programme Physics (SL and HL) uses the standard IB command terms. Physics emphasises Calculate, Derive, Describe and Explain. Correct units, significant figures and direction (vectors) are essential.
Key command terms for Physics
| Command term | What to do | Common mistake |
|---|---|---|
| State | Short answer | Overwriting |
| Define | Precise meaning (with equation if applicable) | Vague definition |
| Calculate | Numerical answer; show working; units | No working; wrong units |
| Derive | Show mathematical steps to reach equation | Stating without derivation |
| Describe | Account of phenomenon/process | Adding explanation |
| Explain | Reasons; physical mechanisms | Only describing |
| Sketch | Approximate graph/diagram; key features | Precise drawing when sketch asked |
| Draw | Labelled, accurate diagram | Unlabelled |
| Deduce | Conclusion from given information | Guessing |
| Suggest | Apply to context; propose | Textbook recall only |
| Estimate | Approximate value; show reasoning | Random guess |
| Compare | Similarities and/or differences | Listing separately |
| Evaluate | Strengths and limitations | Description only |
Physics keywords (use correctly)
| Term | Use correctly | Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| Velocity | Displacement per unit time; vector | Speed |
| Speed | Distance per unit time; scalar | Velocity |
| Acceleration | Rate of change of velocity | ”Slowing down” (deceleration) |
| Force | Vector; N | ”Push or pull” (add units) |
| Work | Force × distance; J | Energy (distinguish) |
| Power | Work per unit time; W | ”Strength” |
| Momentum | mv; vector; kg m s⁻¹ | ”Mass × velocity” |
| Energy | Scalar; J | Work (distinguish) |
| Current | Rate of flow of charge; A | ”Electricity” |
| Potential difference | Work per unit charge; V | ”Voltage” |
| Resistance | V/I; Ω | ”Opposition” |
| Uncertainty | ± value; propagation rules | Error |
| Significant figures | Match data precision | Over/under precision |
Tips for Physics exams
- Calculate—show formula; substitute; answer with units; correct sig fig
- Derive—show each step; start from known equations
- Explain—physical reasoning; link to principles
- Sketch—general shape; intercepts; asymptotes; labelled axes
- State—short; include units for quantities
- Past papers—check mark schemes for acceptable alternatives
How Tutopiya helps
Tutopiya supports IB DP Physics (SL and HL). Explore IB resources or book a free trial.
Based on IB Diploma Programme Physics subject guide. Check the guide for syllabus-specific command terms.
Written by
Tutopiya Team
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