IB DP Physics: Command terms and keywords

IB Diploma Programme Physics (SL and HL) uses the standard IB command terms. Physics emphasises Calculate, Derive, Describe and Explain. Correct units, significant figures and direction (vectors) are essential.

Key command terms for Physics

Command term	What to do	Common mistake
State	Short answer	Overwriting
Define	Precise meaning (with equation if applicable)	Vague definition
Calculate	Numerical answer; show working; units	No working; wrong units
Derive	Show mathematical steps to reach equation	Stating without derivation
Describe	Account of phenomenon/process	Adding explanation
Explain	Reasons; physical mechanisms	Only describing
Sketch	Approximate graph/diagram; key features	Precise drawing when sketch asked
Draw	Labelled, accurate diagram	Unlabelled
Deduce	Conclusion from given information	Guessing
Suggest	Apply to context; propose	Textbook recall only
Estimate	Approximate value; show reasoning	Random guess
Compare	Similarities and/or differences	Listing separately
Evaluate	Strengths and limitations	Description only

Physics keywords (use correctly)

Term	Use correctly	Avoid
Velocity	Displacement per unit time; vector	Speed
Speed	Distance per unit time; scalar	Velocity
Acceleration	Rate of change of velocity	”Slowing down” (deceleration)
Force	Vector; N	”Push or pull” (add units)
Work	Force × distance; J	Energy (distinguish)
Power	Work per unit time; W	”Strength”
Momentum	mv; vector; kg m s⁻¹	”Mass × velocity”
Energy	Scalar; J	Work (distinguish)
Current	Rate of flow of charge; A	”Electricity”
Potential difference	Work per unit charge; V	”Voltage”
Resistance	V/I; Ω	”Opposition”
Uncertainty	± value; propagation rules	Error
Significant figures	Match data precision	Over/under precision

Tips for Physics exams

1. Calculate—show formula; substitute; answer with units; correct sig fig
2. Derive—show each step; start from known equations
3. Explain—physical reasoning; link to principles
4. Sketch—general shape; intercepts; asymptotes; labelled axes
5. State—short; include units for quantities
6. Past papers—check mark schemes for acceptable alternatives

How Tutopiya helps

Tutopiya supports IB DP Physics (SL and HL). Explore IB resources or book a free trial.

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Based on IB Diploma Programme Physics subject guide. Check the guide for syllabus-specific command terms.

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