Study Notes
The human nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), working together to coordinate body functions and responses to stimuli.
- Central Nervous System (CNS) — consists of the brain and spinal cord, controlling actions and regulating functions. Example: The brain controls emotions and movement.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) — includes all nerves outside the CNS, connecting it to other organs. Example: Nerves in the arms and legs.
- Neurones — nerve cells that transmit electrical signals called nerve impulses. Example: Sensory neurons detect stimuli like touch.
- Synapse — the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to pass impulses. Example: Neurotransmitters help transmit signals across the synaptic gap.
- Reflex Action — an automatic and rapid response to a stimulus that does not involve the brain. Example: Pulling your hand away from a hot object.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Neurones
- Synapse
- Reflex Action
Common Confusions
- Difference between CNS and PNS
- How synapses work
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the role of the CNS? The CNS controls actions and regulates functions.
- How do synapses transmit signals? Neurotransmitters are released to pass impulses across the synaptic gap.
- What is a reflex action? An automatic response to a stimulus without brain involvement.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system
- Ability to explain how nerve impulses are transmitted
- Knowledge of reflex actions and their importance