Summary
Between 1933 and 1934, Hitler transformed Germany from a democracy into a totalitarian dictatorship through legal maneuvers and violent purges.
- Reichstag Fire — an event used by Nazis to justify emergency powers and suppress opposition.
Example: The fire led to the arrest of thousands of communists and the suspension of civil liberties. - Enabling Act — a law that allowed Hitler to enact laws without Reichstag approval, effectively ending democracy.
Example: Passed on 23 March 1933, it gave Hitler dictatorial powers. - Night of the Long Knives — a purge to eliminate SA leaders and other rivals, consolidating Hitler's power.
Example: Occurred from 30 June to 2 July 1934, securing army support and removing threats.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Reichstag Fire
- Enabling Act
- Night of the Long Knives
Common Confusions
- Believing the Reichstag Fire was definitively started by communists
- Thinking the Enabling Act was passed without coercion
Typical Exam Questions
- How did the Reichstag Fire help Hitler consolidate power? It allowed him to arrest communists and pass emergency decrees.
- What was the significance of the Enabling Act? It gave Hitler the power to rule by decree, ending democracy.
- Why was the Night of the Long Knives important? It eliminated internal threats and secured army loyalty.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of how Hitler used legal means to gain power
- The role of violence and intimidation in consolidating Nazi control
- Key events that marked the transition from democracy to dictatorship
