⚛️ IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet 2026

Complete Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1) Formula Reference Guide

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics 4PH1

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Aligned with the latest 2026 syllabus and board specifications. This sheet is prepared to match your exam board’s official specifications for the 2026 exam series.

Essential IGCSE Physics Formulas

Master your Edexcel IGCSE Physics exams with our comprehensive formula sheet covering the Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1) Higher Tier. This reference guide includes mechanics, thermal physics, waves, electricity, magnetism, nuclear physics, and space physics.

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Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet (2026 Specification)

Complete formula reference for Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1)

Chapter 1: General Physics

Average speed (ms⁻¹) = distance (m) / time (s)

s = d/t

Average velocity (ms⁻¹) = displacement (m) / time (s)

v = x/t

Acceleration (ms⁻²) = (final velocity (ms⁻¹) - initial velocity(ms⁻¹)) / time (s)

a = (v-u)/t

Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms⁻²)

W = mg

Earth's gravitational field strength = 9.8 ms⁻² (as of 2023)

g = 9.8 ms⁻²

Force (N) = mass (kg) × acceleration (ms⁻²)

F = ma

Density (kgm⁻³) = mass (kg) / volume (m³)

ρ = m/V

Hooke's law: Force (N) = constant (Nm⁻¹) × extension (m)

F = kx

Pressure (Pa) = Force (N) / area (m²)

P = F/A

Fluid Pressure (Pa) = density (kgm⁻³) × gravitational field strength (ms⁻² or Nkg⁻¹) × height (m)

P = ρgh

Work (J) = force (N) × distance moved (m)

W = Fd

Power (W) = work (J) / time (s)

P = W/t

Kinetic Energy (J) = ½ × mass (kg) × velocity² (ms⁻¹)

KE = ½mv²

Gravitational potential energy (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (ms⁻² or Nkg⁻¹) × height (m)

GPE = mgh

Efficiency (%) = (useful power output (W or J) / total power input (W or J)) × 100%

η = (P_out / P_in) × 100%

Moment (Nm) = Force (N) × perpendicular distance from pivot (m)

M = Fd

Sum of clockwise moments (Nm) = sum of anticlockwise moments (Nm)

F₁d₁ = F₂d₂

Momentum (kgms⁻¹) = mass (kg) × velocity (ms⁻¹)

p = mv

Impulsive Force (N) = change in momentum (kgms⁻¹) / time (s)

F = Δp/t

Impulse (kgms⁻¹ or Ns) = change in momentum (kgms⁻¹)

Δp = mv - mu

Chapter 2: Thermal Physics

Boyle's Law for changes in gas pressure at constant temperature: pressure₁ (Pa) × volume₁ (m³) = pressure₂ (Pa) × volume₂ (m³)

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Energy (J) = mass (kg) × specific heat capacity (Jkg⁻¹°C⁻¹) × temperature change (°C)

Q = mcθ

Celsius to Kelvin:

C = K - 273.15

Chapter 3: Waves

Wave speed (ms⁻¹) = frequency (Hz) × wavelength (m)

V = fλ

Frequency (Hz) = 1 / Period (s)

F = 1/T

Refractive index = sine of the angle of incidence, i / sine of the angle of refraction, r

n = sin i / sin r

Refractive index = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in material

n = c/v

Refractive index = 1 / sine of critical angle

n = 1/sin c

Chapter 4: Electricity and Magnetism

Current (A) = charge (C) / time (s)

I = Q/t

Voltage (V) = energy transferred (J) / charge (C)

V = W/Q

Voltage (V) = current (A) × resistance (Ω)

V = IR

Power (W) = current (A) × voltage (V)

P = IV

Power (W) = current² (A) × resistance (Ω)

P = I²R

Energy transferred (J) = current (A) × voltage (V) × time (s)

W = IVt

Energy transferred (J) = power (W) × time (s)

W = Pt

Resistors in series: Total Resistance (Ω) = sum of individual resistors (Ω)

R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... Rn

Resistors in parallel: 1 / total resistance (Ω) = 1 / sum of individual resistors (Ω)

1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn

Resistance (Ω) = resistivity (Ωm) × length (m) / area (m²)

R = ρL/A

Wires have a circular cross section: area = π × radius²

A = πr²

Transformers (Voltage and Turns): voltage in secondary coil (V) / voltage in primary coil (V) = turns on secondary coil / turns on primary coil

Vs/Vp = Ns/Np

Transformers (Voltage and Current): voltage in secondary coil (V) / voltage in primary coil (V) = current in secondary coil (A) / current in primary coil (A)

Vs/Vp = Is/Ip

Chapter 5: Nuclear Physics

Alpha decay example: ²³⁸U₉₂ → ²³⁴Th₉₀ + ⁴He₂

ᴬZ X → ᴬ⁻⁴Z⁻² Y + ⁴He₂

Beta decay example: ²³⁴Th₉₀ → ²³⁴Pa₉₁ + ⁻¹e₀

ᴬZ X → ᴬZ⁺¹ Y + ⁻¹e₀

Gamma decay:

ᴬZ X → ᴬZ Y + γ

Chapter 6: Space Physics

Average orbital speed (ms⁻¹) = 2 × π × average radius of the orbit (m) / orbital period (s)

v = 2πr/T

Hubble's Law: distance of a far galaxy (m) / speed away from us (ms⁻¹) = 1 / Hubble Constant (s⁻¹)

d/v = 1/H₀

Hubble Constant = 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁸ s⁻¹

H₀ = 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁸ s⁻¹

📚 How to Use This Formula Sheet

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Practice Regularly

Use these formulas in practice problems to build muscle memory and confidence for your exams.

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Understand, Don't Memorize

Learn the logic behind each formula rather than just memorizing. This helps in problem-solving.

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Time Management

Know which formulas to apply quickly during exams. Practice identifying formula patterns in questions.

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Review Consistently

Regular revision of formulas ensures they stay fresh in your memory when you need them most.

Formula sheet FAQ

Quick answers about this free PDF, how to use it for exam revision, and how it relates to your official syllabus.

Is the IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet 2026 free to download as a PDF?

Yes. This Tutopiya formula sheet is free to use and you can download it as a PDF from this page for offline revision. There is no payment or account required for the PDF download.

What Physics topics and equations does this formula sheet cover?

This page groups key Physics formulas in one place for revision. Complete Edexcel International GCSE Physics formula sheet 2026. Essential formulas for Pearson Edexcel (4PH1) - mechanics, thermal physics, waves, electricity, magnetism, nuclear physics, and space physics with concis… Always cross-check with your official syllabus and past papers for your exam session.

Can I use this instead of the official exam formula booklet in the exam?

No. In the exam you must follow only what your exam board allows in the hall—usually the official formula booklet or data sheet where provided. This page is a revision and teaching aid, not a replacement for board-issued materials.

Who is this formula sheet for (Secondary)?

It is written for students preparing for assessments at Secondary in Physics, including classroom revision, homework support, and independent study. Teachers and tutors can also share it as a quick reference.

How should I revise with this formula sheet?

Work through past paper questions, quote the correct formula before substituting values, and check units and notation every time. Pair this sheet with timed practice and mark schemes so you see how examiners expect working to be set out.

Where can I get more help with Physics revision?

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