🧬 IGCSE Biology Formula Sheet 2026
Complete Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Biology (4BI1) Formula Reference Guide
Our formula sheets are free to download — save this one as PDF for offline revision.
Aligned with the latest 2026 syllabus and board specifications. This sheet is prepared to match your exam board’s official specifications for the 2026 exam series.
Essential IGCSE Biology Formulas & Equations
Master your Edexcel IGCSE Biology exams with our comprehensive formula sheet covering all essential formulas and equations for Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Biology (4BI1) Higher Tier. This reference guide includes photosynthesis, respiration, transport, genetics, ecology, and more.
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Biology (4BI1)
Formula & Equation Sheet - 2026 Syllabus
🌱 1. Photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature 🫁 2. Respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy glucose → lactic acid (+ ↓ energy) 🔥 3. Energy Content in Food (Calorimetry)
E = m × c × ΔT E / mass of food burned (g) 🌊 4. Diffusion, Osmosis & Active Transport
Rate ∝ (surface area × concentration difference) / diffusion distance Movement of water through a partially permeable membrane Movement against concentration gradient ❤️ 5. Circulation
Cardiac output = Stroke volume × Heart rate number of beats / time 🫁 6. Breathing and Gas Exchange
number of breaths / time Tidal volume × Breathing rate 🍽️ 7. Human Nutrition
BMI = weight (kg) / (height (m))² m × 4.2 × ΔT / mass of food ⚗️ 8. Enzymes
Rate = 1 / time taken pH and temperature 🧬 9. Genetics
Genetic constitution Observable characteristics number with one phenotype / number with another no. of desired outcomes / total outcomes 🌿 10. Ecology
Population density = number of organisms / area (m²) (area covered by species / total area) × 100 (energy at higher trophic level / energy at lower trophic level) × 100% total individuals / number of quadrats 🧠 11. Nervous System
Reaction time = distance fallen / acceleration due to gravity stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → relay neuron → motor neuron → effector 🔄 12. Excretion & Homeostasis
water gain = water loss via negative feedback 📊 13. Summary of Key Units & Constants
c = 4.2 J/g°C 37°C 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa 1 dm³ = 1000 cm³ % 📚 How to Use This Biology Formula Sheet
Understand the Concepts
Don't just memorize formulas - understand the biological processes behind each equation to apply them correctly in different contexts.
Practice Calculations
Work through practice problems involving calorimetry, population density, and energy transfer to build confidence with these formulas.
Know Your Units
Pay attention to units in calculations. Converting between cm³, dm³, and other units is crucial for accurate answers.
Apply to Experiments
Connect these formulas to practical experiments you've done or will do, such as food tests, enzyme investigations, and ecological surveys.
Formula sheet FAQ
Quick answers about this free PDF, how to use it for exam revision, and how it relates to your official syllabus.
Is the IGCSE Biology Formula Sheet 2026 free to download as a PDF?
Yes. This Tutopiya formula sheet is free to use and you can download it as a PDF from this page for offline revision. There is no payment or account required for the PDF download.
What Biology topics and equations does this formula sheet cover?
This page groups key Biology formulas in one place for revision. Complete Edexcel International GCSE Biology formula sheet 2026. Essential quantitative relationships for Pearson Edexcel Biology (4BI1) - photosynthesis, respiration, transport, genetics, ecology, and more with exam r… Always cross-check with your official syllabus and past papers for your exam session.
Can I use this instead of the official exam formula booklet in the exam?
No. In the exam you must follow only what your exam board allows in the hall—usually the official formula booklet or data sheet where provided. This page is a revision and teaching aid, not a replacement for board-issued materials.
Who is this formula sheet for (Secondary)?
It is written for students preparing for assessments at Secondary in Biology, including classroom revision, homework support, and independent study. Teachers and tutors can also share it as a quick reference.
How should I revise with this formula sheet?
Work through past paper questions, quote the correct formula before substituting values, and check units and notation every time. Pair this sheet with timed practice and mark schemes so you see how examiners expect working to be set out.
Where can I get more help with Biology revision?
Explore Tutopiya’s study tools, past paper finder, and revision checklists linked from our tools hub, or book a trial lesson with a subject specialist for personalised support alongside this formula reference.
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