Study Notes
Immunity is the body's ability to protect itself from diseases through various defense mechanisms.
- Antigen — a substance that triggers an immune response. Example: Proteins on the surface of pathogens.
- Antibody — a protein produced by B-cells that is specific to an antigen. Example: Antibodies binding to pathogens to neutralize them.
- Vaccination — a method to induce immunity by exposing the body to a harmless form of a pathogen. Example: Measles vaccine.
- Active Immunity — immunity developed by the body producing its own antibodies and memory cells. Example: Immunity after recovering from an infection.
- Passive Immunity — immunity acquired by receiving ready-made antibodies from another source. Example: Antibodies passed from mother to baby through breast milk.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Antigen
- Antibody
- Vaccination
- Active Immunity
- Passive Immunity
Common Confusions
- Mixing up active and passive immunity
- Believing that more vitamin C always boosts immunity
Typical Exam Questions
- What is an example of passive immunity? Giving chickenpox antibodies to people at risk of developing a severe infection.
- Which component of blood produces antibodies? White blood cells.
- What is the main cause of tissue rejection in transplants? Antibody production.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of how vaccines work
- Differences between active and passive immunity
- The role of antigens and antibodies in the immune response