Summary and Exam Tips for Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a subtopic of Biotechnology and genetic modification, which falls under the subject Science in the IB MYP curriculum. This chapter explores the application of biotechnology in various industries. Biofuels are produced using yeast, which respires anaerobically to convert plant material into ethanol, a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. In bread making, yeast also respires anaerobically, producing carbon dioxide that helps the dough rise. Fruit juice production benefits from the enzyme pectinase, which breaks down pectin in fruit cell walls, releasing more juice and creating a clearer product. Biological washing powders contain enzymes that efficiently break down organic stains at lower temperatures, saving energy and preserving delicate fabrics. Lactose-free milk is produced by adding lactase to milk, breaking down lactose for those who are lactose intolerant. Penicillin production involves cultivating the Penicillium mould in fermenters, which allows for controlled production of this essential antibiotic. Fermenters are crucial for large-scale production of various biotechnological products, ensuring optimal conditions for microorganism growth.
Exam Tips
- Use Specific Terms: Always use specific biological terms rather than vague words like "it" or "they". This demonstrates a clear understanding of the topic.
- Understand the Question: Carefully read what the question is asking. Differentiate between 'what' and 'why' questions to provide accurate answers.
- Marks Guide Your Answer: The number of marks allocated to a question indicates the depth of the answer required. Plan your response accordingly.
- Practice Clarity: Ensure your answers are clear and concise, using key terms to explain processes and concepts.
- Revise Key Processes: Focus on understanding the processes of anaerobic respiration in yeast, enzyme functions, and the conditions required in fermenters.
