Summary
Between 1870 and 1914, imperial expansion significantly influenced European diplomacy, contributing to tensions that led to World War One. The Berlin Conference aimed to regulate African colonization but ultimately intensified competition among European powers.
- Berlin Conference — meeting to establish rules for African colonization Example: Organized by Otto von Bismarck to prevent conflict over African territories
- Weltpolitik — Germany's policy to become a global power Example: Kaiser Wilhelm II's strategy to challenge British dominance
- Fashoda Incident — military standoff between Britain and France in Sudan Example: Resolved with France recognizing British control, increasing French resentment
- Morocco Question — series of crises over French influence in Morocco Example: Germany's opposition led to tensions that tested European alliances
- Entente Cordiale — agreement between Britain and France settling colonial disputes Example: Marked the end of Britain's 'Splendid Isolation' and laid groundwork for wartime cooperation
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Berlin Conference
- Weltpolitik
- Fashoda Incident
- Morocco Question
- Entente Cordiale
Common Confusions
- Believing the Berlin Conference prevented imperial tensions
- Confusing the Entente Cordiale with a formal military alliance
Typical Exam Questions
- How did the Berlin Conference affect European imperialism? It intensified competition by encouraging 'effective occupation'.
- What was the significance of the Fashoda Incident? It highlighted the dangers of imperial rivalry and increased French resentment.
- How did the Morocco crises impact European alliances? They strengthened the Anglo-French Entente and isolated Germany diplomatically.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of how imperialism contributed to World War One
- The role of specific crises in shaping European alliances
- The effectiveness of diplomatic efforts to manage imperial tensions