Summary
The Abyssinian Crisis of 1935 was a pivotal moment in the decline of the League of Nations, leading to its inability to prevent World War II.
- Abyssinia — one of the only two independent African nations at the time. Example: It was strategically located and rich in resources, making it a target for Italian expansion.
- Wal-Wal Incident — a border clash between Italian and Abyssinian forces. Example: This incident was used by Mussolini as a pretext for invasion.
- Hoare-Laval Pact — a secret agreement to give Italy control over parts of Abyssinia. Example: The pact's exposure led to public outrage and political resignations.
- Rome-Berlin Axis — an alliance formed between Italy and Germany. Example: This alliance was a direct consequence of the League's failure to act against Italy.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Abyssinia
- Wal-Wal Incident
- Hoare-Laval Pact
- Rome-Berlin Axis
Common Confusions
- Thinking the League imposed effective sanctions
- Believing the Hoare-Laval Pact was supported by the public
Typical Exam Questions
- What was the Wal-Wal Incident? A border clash used by Italy as a pretext for invasion.
- How did the League respond to the Abyssinian Crisis? Imposed weak sanctions and failed to take decisive action.
- What were the consequences of the Abyssinian Crisis for the League of Nations? It destroyed the League's credibility and encouraged further aggression.
What Examiners Usually Test
- The reasons behind Italy's invasion of Abyssinia
- The effectiveness of the League's response
- The impact of the crisis on international relations