Study Notes
National and global energy resources include various methods of generating electricity and other useful forms of energy. These resources can be renewable or non-renewable, each with different environmental impacts and costs.
- Fossil Fuels — non-renewable energy sources formed from ancient plants and animals. Example: Coal, oil, and natural gas are burned to generate electricity.
- Renewable Energy — energy sources that can be replenished naturally over short periods. Example: Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
- Biofuels — renewable energy sources derived from plant or animal materials. Example: Biodiesel made from plant oils and bioethanol from sugar.
- Nuclear Energy — energy released from nuclear fission reactions. Example: Nuclear power plants use uranium to produce electricity.
- Geothermal Energy — energy from the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface. Example: Geothermal plants use steam from hot water reservoirs to generate electricity.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Fossil Fuels: Non-renewable energy sources from ancient organic matter.
- Renewable Energy: Energy from sources that are naturally replenished.
- Biofuels: Fuels made from living or recently living organisms.
Common Confusions
- Renewable energy is not the same as reusable energy.
- Not all renewable resources are reliable; they depend on environmental conditions.
Typical Exam Questions
- What are fossil fuels? Non-renewable energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas.
- How is electricity generated in a coal-fired power station? Coal is burned to heat water, producing steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator.
- What is the difference between a solar cell and a solar panel? A solar cell converts sunlight directly into electricity, while a solar panel is a collection of solar cells.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of different energy resources and their environmental impacts.
- Ability to compare renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
- Knowledge of how energy is transferred and transformed in power stations.