Summary
The Great Depression severely impacted the League of Nations by undermining international cooperation and collective security. Economic hardships led member-states to focus on nationalism and protectionism, weakening the League's authority.
- Great Depression — the most severe economic downturn in modern history, starting with the Wall Street Crash in 1929. Example: Triggered mass unemployment and poverty worldwide.
- Wall Street Crash — a major stock market collapse in October 1929. Example: Led to panic selling and loss of investor confidence.
- Protectionism — economic policy of restricting imports to protect domestic industries. Example: Nations imposed high tariffs, reducing international trade.
- Extremism — political movements offering radical solutions during economic hardship. Example: Rise of fascism and Nazism in Europe.
- Militarism — belief in maintaining a strong military capability. Example: Germany and Japan pursued aggressive expansion in the 1930s.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Great Depression
- Wall Street Crash
- Protectionism
- Extremism
- Militarism
Common Confusions
- Confusing the causes of the Great Depression with its effects
- Misunderstanding the League's structural weaknesses versus the impact of the Depression
Typical Exam Questions
- How did the Great Depression affect the League of Nations? It weakened international cooperation and increased nationalism.
- Why did extremism rise during the Great Depression? Economic hardship made radical solutions appealing.
- What role did militarism play in the 1930s? It justified territorial expansion as a solution to economic problems.
What Examiners Usually Test
- The impact of the Great Depression on international relations
- The reasons for the League's inability to maintain peace
- The connection between economic conditions and the rise of extremist regimes