Summary
Global energy supply and demand are influenced by factors such as population growth, urbanisation, industrialisation, and rising living standards, leading to increased energy consumption worldwide.
- Energy Surplus — when a country produces more energy than it consumes.
Example: Saudi Arabia exports oil due to its vast reserves. - Energy Deficit — when a country consumes more energy than it produces.
Example: Japan imports 90% of its energy needs. - Energy Security — the ability of a country to access reliable and affordable energy.
Example: Germany invests in renewable energy to ensure energy security. - Resource Availability — the presence of natural resources that can be used for energy production.
Example: Norway uses hydroelectric power due to its mountainous terrain. - Government Policy — decisions and regulations that influence a country's energy strategy.
Example: Germany's shift to renewable energy after the Fukushima disaster.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Energy Surplus: When a country produces more energy than it consumes.
- Energy Deficit: When a country consumes more energy than it produces.
- Energy Security: The ability to access reliable and affordable energy supplies.
Common Confusions
- Confusing energy surplus with energy security.
- Misunderstanding the role of government policy in energy choices.
Typical Exam Questions
- Why do some countries have an energy surplus while others have a deficit? Countries with abundant natural resources like oil or gas have surpluses, while those lacking resources have deficits.
- What factors influence a country's choice of energy sources? Resource availability and government policy are key factors.
- Why has global energy consumption increased over the past 50 years? Due to population growth, urbanisation, and rising living standards.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of global energy consumption trends.
- Ability to explain energy surplus and deficit.
- Knowledge of factors influencing energy mix choices.