The changing nature of warfare and international conflict, 1919–2011

Worked examples (9)

• 1Explaining two differences — warfare in 1918 and warfare in 1939
• 2Explaining two causes — the Geneva Protocol of 1925
• 3How significant were developments in air warfare, 1919 to 1939?
• 4Explaining two differences — Abyssinia and the Spanish Civil War
• 5Explaining two causes — the bombing of Guernica, 1937
• 6How far did the use of tanks change in the years 1919 to 1939?
• 7Explaining two differences — the tank in 1918 and the tank in 1939
• 8Explaining two causes — guerrilla tactics in the Spanish Civil War
• 9How far had the nature of warfare changed by 1939?

Model answers (9)

• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6, similarity stem
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6

Worked examples (9)

• 1Explaining two differences — German methods of attack in 1918 and in 1940
• 2Explaining two causes — the British victory in the battle of Britain
• 3How far did sea warfare change in the years 1939 to 1945?
• 4Explaining two differences — D-Day and Arnhem
• 5Explaining two causes — the Allied victory in the battle of the Atlantic
• 6How significant was the allied bombing of Germany?
• 7The real June 2023 (a) — French resistance and guerrilla warfare in Vietnam
• 8The real June 2023 (b) — the importance of aircraft carriers in the Pacific War
• 9The real June 2023 (c)(i) — how far did aerial warfare change, 1939 to 2000?

Model answers (9)

• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6, similarity stem
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6

Worked examples (9)

• 1Explaining two differences — the Falklands War and the first Gulf War
• 2Explaining two causes — the British task force of 1982
• 3A 16-mark significance question — the first Gulf War
• 4Explaining two similarities — the mujahideen and the guerrilla forces in Vietnam
• 5Explaining two causes — the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
• 6A 16-mark 'how far did it change' question — nuclear warfare, 1976-2000
• 7Explaining two differences — carrier warfare in 1982 and in the Pacific War
• 8Explaining two causes — the coalition against Iraq in 1990
• 9The genuine June 2023 (c)(ii) — guerrilla warfare, 1976-2011, answered Afghanistan-led

Model answers (9)

• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6

Worked examples (9)

• 1Explaining two differences — Afghanistan in 2001 and the first Gulf War
• 2Explaining two causes — the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001
• 3A 16-mark significance question — terrorism, 2000-2011
• 4Explaining two differences — unmanned aircraft in Pakistan and manned aircraft in 1991
• 5Explaining two causes — the drone campaign in Pakistan
• 6A 16-mark 'how far did it change' question — high-technology warfare, 1991-2011
• 7Explaining two similarities — the Iraq insurgency and the Soviet war in Afghanistan
• 8Explaining two causes — armoured vehicles and unmanned land vehicles
• 9The genuine June 2023 (c)(ii) — guerrilla warfare, 1976-2011, answered 9/11-led

Model answers (9)

• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6

Worked examples (9)

• 1Explaining two differences — warfare in 1945 and warfare in 1975
• 2Explaining two causes — the decision to drop the atomic bombs in 1945
• 3How significant were nuclear weapons in changing warfare, 1945 to 1975?
• 4Explaining two differences — the Six Day War and the Yom Kippur War
• 5Explaining two causes — the American failure to defeat the guerrillas in Vietnam
• 6How far did conventional warfare remain important, 1945 to 1975?
• 7The real June 2023 (a) — answered Vietnam-first
• 8Explaining two causes — the arms limitation talks of the 1960s and 1970s
• 9How far did guerrilla warfare change in the years 1936 to 1975?

Model answers (9)

• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6, similarity stem
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (a) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (b) style — B6
• ✓Model answer — 4HI1/02 Paper 2 Section B part (c) style — B6