River environments

Worked examples (6)

• 1Defining the hydrological cycle
• 2Stores of water in the cycle
• 3Distinguishing transfers from stores
• 4Naming and ordering the main transfers
• 5Using percentages to assess the stores
• 6Explaining the importance of the closed-system idea

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.1a, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer 6
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.1a synthesis, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.1a + 1.3a, AO3 evaluation)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Defining 'drainage basin' precisely
• 2Labelling the features of a drainage basin
• 3Classifying basin elements as input / output / store / flow
• 4Open system vs closed system
• 5Predicting basin response to heavy rainfall
• 6Explaining the importance of the watershed

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.1b, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.1b + 1.3c, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.1b synthesis, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Defining river regime
• 2Reading a storm hydrograph
• 3Factors that produce a SHORT lag time
• 4Comparing a monsoon regime and a snowmelt regime
• 5Effect of a dam on river regime
• 6Effect of deforestation on a basin's regime

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.1c, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.1c, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.1c synthesis, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Naming the four types of river erosion
• 2Vertical erosion vs lateral erosion
• 3The four types of transportation
• 4Factors that affect erosion, transport and deposition
• 5Linking energy to process dominance
• 6Weathering and mass movement on river valleys

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.2a, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.2a + 1.2c synthesis, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.2a, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Sketching the long profile of a river
• 2Cross-profile changes along the course
• 3How width, depth and discharge change downstream
• 4Why velocity INCREASES downstream
• 5Sediment size and shape changes
• 6Assessing the Bradshaw-style synthesis

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.2b, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.2b synthesis, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.2b, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Naming the upland and lowland landforms
• 2Explaining V-shaped valley formation
• 3Explaining waterfall and gorge formation
• 4Explaining meander formation
• 5Explaining oxbow lake formation
• 6Explaining floodplain and levee formation

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.2c, AO2)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.2c synthesis, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.2a + 1.2c, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Categorising uses of water
• 2Global water-use percentages
• 3Water shortage vs water surplus
• 4Why global water demand is rising
• 5Physical vs economic water scarcity
• 6Evaluating the geography of water demand

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3a, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3a, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.3a + 1.1a, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Three main sources of river pollution
• 2Defining water pollution and water quality
• 3Explaining eutrophication
• 4Sewage and human health
• 5Industrial waste impacts
• 6Evaluating the relative importance of pollution sources

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3b, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3b synthesis, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.3b, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Four stages of water treatment
• 2Defining key supply terms
• 3Benefits and costs of large dams
• 4Pipelines and water transfer schemes
• 5Contrasting developed and developing-country supply
• 6Evaluating the future of clean-water supply

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3b, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3b synthesis, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.3b, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Physical causes of river flooding
• 2Human causes of river flooding
• 3How floods are predicted
• 4Hard engineering strategies
• 5Soft engineering and balanced strategy
• 6Evaluating flood management in Bangladesh

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3c, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 style (1.3c synthesis, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 synthesis essay (1.3c + 1.1a, AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1Calculating river discharge
• 2Measuring a river cross-section
• 3Measuring velocity by the float method
• 4Measuring sediment size and roundness
• 5Reading a storm hydrograph
• 6Evaluating the float-method for velocity

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 Section B style (1.2b / 1.3c, AO4)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 Section B style (AO4)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 Section B style (AO3/AO4)
• ✓Model answer 8

Worked examples (6)

• 1The six stages of geographical enquiry
• 2Forming a fieldwork hypothesis
• 3Primary vs secondary data
• 4Choosing the right presentation method
• 5Analysing fieldwork data
• 6Evaluating fieldwork limitations

Model answers (8)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 Section B style (AO4)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 Section B style (AO3/AO4)
• ✓Model answer — 4GE1 Paper 1 Section B style (AO3 evaluation)
• ✓Model answer 8