Law of tort

Worked examples (6)

• 1Getting started: the IRAC framework and the negligence chain
• 2Getting started: establishing a duty of care with Caparo
• 3Building confidence: applying the breach standard and risk factors
• 4Building confidence: working the causation and remoteness chain
• 5Stretch: novel duty situations — nervous shock and economic loss
• 6Stretch: structuring a 25-mark evaluative essay (the Caparo test)

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style single-issue duty problem
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style essay on a discrete rule
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style duty-breach-causation problem
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style essay on nervous shock
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style multi-issue negligence problem (Level 5 exemplar)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style evaluative essay (A* exemplar)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Getting started: classify the claimant — visitor or trespasser?
• 2Getting started: the IRAC skeleton for a 25-mark land-tort problem
• 3Building confidence: applying the OLA 1957 common duty of care
• 4Building confidence: assessing UNREASONABLENESS in private nuisance
• 5Stretch: running the four-part Rylands v Fletcher test
• 6Stretch: structuring a 25-mark evaluative essay (Section B)

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style single-issue occupiers' liability problem
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style discrete essay
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style OLA 1984 trespasser problem
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style private nuisance problem
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style multi-issue land-torts problem (A* exemplar)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style evaluative essay (A* exemplar)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Getting started: splitting ONE confrontation into separate torts
• 2Getting started: telling assault apart from battery
• 3Building confidence: immediacy and the role of words in assault
• 4Building confidence: testing for TOTAL restraint in false imprisonment
• 5Stretch: deploying the defences (consent, self-defence, necessity)
• 6Stretch: structuring a 25-mark Section B evaluative essay

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style single-tort problem (assault, immediacy)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style single-tort problem (battery, everyday-contact exception)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style confrontation problem (assault + battery + self-defence)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style problem (false imprisonment, total restraint, escape)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style full multi-tort confrontation (A* exemplar)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style Section B evaluative essay (A* exemplar)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Getting started: only reach a defence AFTER you have proved liability
• 2Getting started: proving volenti needs BOTH limbs
• 3Building confidence: apportionment under the 1945 Act
• 4Building confidence: choosing and quantifying the remedy
• 5Stretch: structuring the 25-mark evaluation essay
• 6Stretch: advising on remedies where the victim has died

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style explanatory essay
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style explanatory essay
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style problem question (IRAC)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style problem question (IRAC)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style multi-issue problem question (IRAC)
• ✓Model answer — 9084 Paper 4-style evaluation essay (A* exemplar)