Environmental research and Data collection

Worked examples (6)

• 1Identifying the variables in an investigation
• 2Turning an observation into a testable hypothesis
• 3Planning a fair, reliable investigation
• 4Deciding whether data support or refute a hypothesis
• 5Explaining uncertainty and suggesting improvements
• 6Using accuracy, precision, reliability and validity correctly

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 2 style (investigation planning, AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 Section B style (essay, AO2/AO3)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Defining reliable and bias precisely
• 2Why reliability and bias matter to an investigation
• 3How proxy data and technology built up climate knowledge
• 4Identifying bias in a scenario
• 5Evaluating the reliability of a data source
• 6Planning a 20-mark essay on trusting climate data

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 style (extended structured, AO1/AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 Section B style (essay, AO2/AO3)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Explaining why sampling is used
• 2Defining and describing random sampling
• 3Choosing and justifying a strategy for two studies
• 4Explaining how each strategy reduces bias
• 5Evaluating random vs systematic for a context
• 6Planning a 20-mark 'to what extent' essay

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 2 style (sampling evaluation, AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 Section B style (essay, AO2/AO3)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Selecting and justifying a sampling technique
• 2Estimating percentage cover and frequency from quadrat data
• 3Calculating the Lincoln index (with assumptions)
• 4Calculating Simpson's index of diversity (full working)
• 5Comparing the biodiversity of two sites
• 6Evaluating the benefits and limitations of a technique

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 2 style (calculation, AO2)
• ✓Model answer 4
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 2 style (calculation + evaluation, AO2/AO3)
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 Section B style (essay, AO2/AO3)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Matching a technology to an environmental task
• 2Defining big data using the three Vs
• 3Giving benefits AND limitations of big-data analysis
• 4Evaluating the use of a technology for a monitoring task
• 5Explaining why crowd-sourced and big data may be untrustworthy
• 6Planning a 20-mark essay on technology and reliability

Model answers (6)

• ✓Model answer 1
• ✓Model answer 2
• ✓Model answer 3
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 style (AO1/AO2)
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 style (extended structured, AO1/AO2)
• ✓Model answer — 8291 Paper 1 Section B style (essay, AO2/AO3)