Analytical techniques

Worked examples (6)

• 1Naming the group from a peak (2 marks)
• 2Distinguishing alcohol and ketone (3 marks)
• 3Identifying a carboxylic acid (3 marks)
• 4Monitoring an oxidation by IR (3 marks)
• 5Distinguishing three compounds (4 marks)
• 6Greenhouse gases and IR (3 marks)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Mr from the molecular ion peak (2 marks)
• 2Ar from a mass spectrum (3 marks)
• 3Mr and fragments (3 marks)
• 4Detecting Cl or Br from [M+2] (3 marks)
• 5Number of carbons from [M+1] (3 marks)
• 6Deducing a structure from fragments (4 marks)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Defining Rf (2 marks)
• 2Calculating Rf (2 marks)
• 3Identifying a component (3 marks)
• 4Why one spot travels further (3 marks)
• 5Interpreting a TLC plate (4 marks)
• 6Locating colourless spots (3 marks)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Defining retention time (2 marks)
• 2How GLC separates (3 marks)
• 3Identifying a component by retention time (3 marks)
• 4Composition from peak areas (4 marks)
• 5GC-MS interpretation (4 marks)
• 6Limitations of GLC (3 marks)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Counting carbon environments (3 marks)
• 2Role of TMS and δ (2 marks)
• 3Assigning peaks using the data table (3 marks)
• 4Distinguishing isomers (3 marks)
• 5Deducing a structure (4 marks)
• 6Using symmetry (3 marks)

Worked examples (6)

• 1Counting proton environments (3 marks)
• 2Using integration (3 marks)
• 3Splitting and the n+1 rule (4 marks)
• 4The D₂O exchange test (3 marks)
• 5Deducing a structure (5 marks)
• 6Why some peaks are singlets (3 marks)