AQA GCSE German 8668

🇩🇪 AQA GCSE German Reference Sheet 2026

Verb conjugations, the four cases, word order rules, adjective declensions and exam technique for all four papers — your complete AQA GCSE German 8668 reference for 2026.

All Required Tenses 4 Cases & Declensions AQA 3 Themes 4-Paper Technique

Our reference sheets are free to download — save this one as PDF for offline revision.

Aligned with the latest 2026 syllabus and board specifications. This sheet is prepared to match your exam board’s official specifications for the 2026 exam series.

All the Core AQA GCSE German Grammar & Vocabulary in One Place

AQA GCSE German (8668) tests four skills across three broad themes. This reference sheet brings together every essential tense, the four cases, word order rules and theme vocabulary you need, plus exam technique for each paper at Foundation and Higher tier.

All AQA tenses: present, perfect, imperfect, future, conditional, pluperfect

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The four cases, word order rules, modal verbs and adjective declensions

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Vocabulary structured around the three AQA themes

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Exam technique for Papers 1–4 (F & H tiers)

Verb Conjugations — Tenses You Must Know

Master regular endings then layer on the modal verbs and irregulars.

Present Tense (Präsens)

Used for now AND for the near future with a time marker.

Weak verbs (spielen)

ich spiele · du spielst · er/sie/es spielt · wir spielen · ihr spielt · sie/Sie spielen

Strong verbs (fahren)

ich fahre · du fährst · er/sie/es fährt · wir fahren · ihr fahrt · sie fahren (vowel change in du/er forms)

Strong verbs to learn: lesen→liest, sehen→sieht, geben→gibt, nehmen→nimmt, sprechen→spricht, essen→isst.

Perfect Tense (Perfekt)

Most common past tense in speaking/writing.

Formula

haben/sein (present) + past participle (at end of clause)

Weak past participles

ge___t — gespielt, gemacht, gekauft

Strong past participles

ge___en — gefahren, gesehen, gegessen, getrunken, gelesen

SEIN verbs

Verbs of motion or change of state — gehen, fahren, fliegen, kommen, bleiben, werden, sein

Imperfect / Preterite (Präteritum)

Common in writing for sein/haben/modal verbs (also used widely in narrative).

sein

ich war · du warst · er war · wir waren · ihr wart · sie waren

haben

ich hatte · du hattest · er hatte · wir hatten · ihr hattet · sie hatten

Modals (e.g. können)

ich konnte · du konntest · er konnte · wir konnten · ihr konntet · sie konnten

Future Tense (Futur I)

Will do — formed with werden + infinitive at the end.

werden

ich werde · du wirst · er wird · wir werden · ihr werdet · sie werden
Ich werde nächstes Jahr Deutsch lernen.

Conditional (Konjunktiv II / würde-form)

Would do.

Formula

würde + infinitive (at end)

würde

ich würde · du würdest · er würde · wir würden · ihr würdet · sie würden

Common Konjunktiv II forms

wäre (would be) · hätte (would have) · könnte (could) · möchte (would like)

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt)

Had done — completed before another past action (Higher tier).

Formula

hatte/war + past participle (at end)
Ich hatte schon gegessen, als er kam.

The Four Cases — When to Use Each

Cases drive every German sentence. Master what each does FIRST, then learn the endings.

Nominative (Nominativ) — the SUBJECT

The person/thing doing the action. After sein/werden/bleiben.

Articles

der (m) · die (f) · das (n) · die (pl) — ein/eine/ein/—
Der Hund ist groß.

Accusative (Akkusativ) — the DIRECT OBJECT

Receiver of the action. After durch, für, gegen, ohne, um and 2-way prepositions when motion is implied.

Articles

den (m) · die (f) · das (n) · die (pl) — einen/eine/ein/—
Ich sehe den Hund.

Dative (Dativ) — the INDIRECT OBJECT

To/for whom. After aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, gegenüber and 2-way prepositions when location is implied.

Articles

dem (m) · der (f) · dem (n) · den (pl + -n on noun) — einem/einer/einem/—
Ich gebe dem Hund das Futter.

Genitive (Genitiv) — POSSESSION

Of the.../whose. After (an)statt, trotz, während, wegen.

Articles

des (m, +-s/-es) · der (f) · des (n, +-s/-es) · der (pl) — eines/einer/eines/—
Das Auto des Mannes.

Two-Way Prepositions

Take ACC for movement TO, DAT for static location.

an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen

Examples

Ich gehe in die Stadt (acc). · Ich bin in der Stadt (dat).

Word Order Rules

Get word order right and your written German jumps a band.

Verb Second (V2) Rule

Main clause: the conjugated verb is ALWAYS in second position.

Ich gehe heute in die Schule. · Heute gehe ich in die Schule.

If you start with anything other than the subject, the verb still comes second — subject moves after the verb (inversion).

Verb to the END (subordinate clauses)

After weil, dass, wenn, als, obwohl, damit, ob — the verb goes to the END of the clause.

Ich lerne Deutsch, weil ich es interessant finde.

Two verbs? Past participle/infinitive comes second-to-last; conjugated verb LAST.

Time, Manner, Place (TMP)

When more than one adverbial phrase, order them: Time → Manner → Place.

Ich fahre morgen mit dem Bus in die Stadt. (T → M → P)

Separable Verbs

Prefix detaches in main-clause present and goes to the END.

aufstehen → Ich stehe um 7 Uhr auf.

In subordinate clauses the verb stays joined: ...weil ich um 7 Uhr aufstehe.

Modal Verbs

Conjugated modal in V2 position, infinitive at the END.

Ich muss meine Hausaufgaben machen.

Adjective Declensions & Negatives

Three declensions: strong (no article) / weak (after definite) / mixed (after indefinite).

Weak Declension (after der/die/das)

After der, die, das, diese, jene, jede, alle.

Nominative

der gute Mann · die gute Frau · das gute Kind · die guten Kinder

Accusative

den guten Mann · die gute Frau · das gute Kind · die guten Kinder

Dative

dem guten Mann · der guten Frau · dem guten Kind · den guten Kindern

Mixed Declension (after ein/kein/possessive)

After ein, kein, mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer.

Nominative

ein guter Mann · eine gute Frau · ein gutes Kind · keine guten Kinder

Accusative

einen guten Mann · eine gute Frau · ein gutes Kind · keine guten Kinder

Dative

einem guten Mann · einer guten Frau · einem guten Kind · keinen guten Kindern

Strong Declension (no article)

When there's no preceding article — the adjective takes the case ending.

Nominative

guter Wein · gute Milch · gutes Bier · gute Weine

Negatives

nicht

Negates a verb/adjective. Goes near the END or before what's negated.

kein-

Negates a noun (like ein- with -k). 'Ich habe kein Geld.'

Other

nichts (nothing) · niemand (nobody) · nie/niemals (never) · nirgendwo (nowhere)

AQA GCSE German — The 3 Themes (2026)

Build vocabulary banks for every sub-topic — examiners reward range and accuracy.

Theme 1 — Identity & Culture

Me, my family and friends; technology in everyday life; free-time activities; customs and festivals.

Sub-themes

die Familie, Freunde, Beziehungen, Technologie, soziale Netzwerke, Hobbys, Sport, Musik, Feste

Key verbs

sich verstehen mit, sich streiten, surfen, herunterladen, Sport treiben, feiern

Theme 2 — Local, National, International & Global Areas of Interest

Home, town, neighbourhood and region; social issues; global issues; travel and tourism.

Sub-themes

das Haus, die Stadt, die Umwelt, die Armut, die Obdachlosigkeit, die Klimaerwärmung, der Urlaub, Verkehrsmittel

Key verbs

wohnen, recyceln, schützen, reisen, besuchen, helfen

Theme 3 — Current and Future Study and Employment

My studies; life at school/college; education post-16; jobs, career choices and ambitions.

Sub-themes

Schulfächer, Lehrer, Schulregeln, das Abitur, die Universität, Berufe, das Praktikum, Geld

Key verbs

lernen, studieren, bestehen, durchfallen, arbeiten, verdienen, werden

Useful Connectives & Phrases for Top Marks

Drop several into every long answer — these signal Higher-tier control.

Opinion Phrases

Ich denke, dass... · Ich glaube, dass... · Meiner Meinung nach... · Ich finde, dass... · Es scheint mir, dass...

Coordinating Connectives (verb stays V2)

und · aber · oder · denn · sondern

Subordinating Connectives (verb to END)

weil · dass · wenn · als · obwohl · damit · ob · während

Adverbial Connectives (V2 inversion)

deshalb · trotzdem · außerdem · jedoch · zum Beispiel · einerseits... andererseits...

Higher-Tier Phrases

Es ist wichtig, dass... · Wenn ich die Wahl hätte... · Was mich interessiert, ist... · Nicht nur... sondern auch...

Exam Technique — AQA GCSE German Papers 1–4

Same content, different demands per paper. Match strategy to question type.

Paper 1 — Listening (F: 35 min · H: 45 min)

25% of GCSE. Section A in English, Section B in German.

Read every question BEFORE the audio plays · Predict vocabulary · Listen for negatives, time markers, qualifiers (sehr, nicht, kein)

You hear each section twice. Use the second listen to confirm — not start over.

Paper 2 — Speaking (F: 7–9 min · H: 10–12 min)

25% of GCSE. Role play (15 marks) + Photo card (15 marks) + General conversation (30 marks).

Role play

Use modal verbs ('Ich möchte...', 'Können Sie...?') · 'Sie' (formal) form throughout · include unprepared question and one in a different tense

Photo card

Describe (Auf dem Foto sehe ich...) + give opinion + answer pre-set questions with justification

General conversation

Cover 2 themes. Aim for at least one example each of: opinion, perfect tense, future tense, modal verb

Paper 3 — Reading (F: 45 min · H: 1 h)

25% of GCSE. Section A: questions in English. Section B: questions in German. Section C: translation DE→EN.

Skim → scan → read for inference. Watch for cases that change meaning (den Mann vs der Mann).

Translation DE→EN

Identify case + verb position first. Don't leave gaps; make a sensible guess from context.

Paper 4 — Writing (F: 1 h · H: 1 h 15)

25% of GCSE. Foundation: structured short writing tasks. Higher: 90-word + 150-word + translation EN→DE.

Plan

Introduction · 2–3 main points (each in a different tense) · conclusion with opinion

Range

Different tenses · varied connectives (mix of weil/dass/obwohl) · modal verbs · Konjunktiv II (Higher)

Translation EN→DE

Identify tense → identify case of every noun → check word order (V2 / verb-final) → re-read for capital letters on nouns

How to Use This Reference Sheet

Boost your Cambridge exam confidence with these proven study strategies from our tutoring experts.

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Speak Out Loud Daily

Even 10 minutes of speaking in German daily — about your day, opinions, plans — builds the fluency examiners reward in Paper 2.

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Drill the Case Tables

Write out the article + adjective tables until you can recite them from memory. Every sentence depends on getting the case right.

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Use a Range of Tenses & Word Orders

Top-band writing uses present, perfect, imperfect AND future, plus weil/dass clauses with verb-final. Plan to include each in every long answer.

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Listen to German Daily

Use Deutsche Welle's Slow German, AQA-style listening practice or short YouTube videos. Ear training is the most-skipped revision step.

Reference Sheet FAQ

Quick answers about this free PDF and how to use it for exam revision and active recall.

Is the AQA GCSE German Reference Sheet 2026 free to download as a PDF?

Yes. This Tutopiya formula sheet is free to use and you can download it as a PDF from this page for offline revision. There is no payment or account required for the PDF download.

What German topics and equations does this formula sheet cover?

This page groups key German formulas in one place for revision. Master AQA GCSE German (8668) with this 2026 reference sheet. Covers verb conjugations across all required tenses, the four cases, word order, modal verbs, adjective declensions, the three AQA themes and exam techniqu… Always cross-check with your official syllabus and past papers for your exam session.

Can I use this instead of the official exam formula booklet in the exam?

No. In the exam you must follow only what your exam board allows in the hall—usually the official formula booklet or data sheet where provided. This page is a revision and teaching aid, not a replacement for board-issued materials.

Who is this formula sheet for (Secondary)?

It is written for students preparing for assessments at Secondary in German, including classroom revision, homework support, and independent study. Teachers and tutors can also share it as a quick reference.

How should I revise with this formula sheet?

Work through past paper questions, quote the correct formula before substituting values, and check units and notation every time. Pair this sheet with timed practice and mark schemes so you see how examiners expect working to be set out.

Where can I get more help with German revision?

Explore Tutopiya’s study tools, past paper finder, and revision checklists linked from our tools hub, or book a trial lesson with a subject specialist for personalised support alongside this formula reference.

Need Help with AQA GCSE German Cases & Writing?

Practice AQA-style role plays, photo cards and 90/150-word writing tasks with a native or near-native German tutor. We focus on case accuracy, word order and exam technique.

This reference sheet aligns with AQA GCSE German (8668) specification content for 2026 examinations.

Always include examples of past, present AND future tenses, plus at least one weil/dass clause with verb-final word order, in every long writing answer.