AQA GCSE Combined Science — Trilogy & Synergy
All Physics, Chemistry, and Biology formulas for AQA GCSE Combined Science (Trilogy and Synergy) — plus a Required Practicals quick reference.
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Aligned with the latest 2026 syllabus and board specifications. This sheet is prepared to match your exam board’s official specifications for the 2026 exam series.
AQA GCSE Combined Science covers Physics, Chemistry, and Biology across six papers. This formula sheet consolidates all the equations and formulas from all three sciences — including both those given in the AQA equation sheet and those students are expected to recall — alongside a reference for Required Practicals.
All AQA GCSE Physics equations — given and required recall
Chemistry key equations and mole calculations
Biology quantitative formulas and calculations
Required Practicals quick reference
AQA provides some equations in the exam — learn which are given and which must be recalled.
Speed
s = d/t (speed = distance / time) Acceleration
a = (v − u) / t Newton's 2nd Law
F = ma (force = mass × acceleration) Weight
W = mg (weight = mass × gravitational field strength) Momentum
p = mv (momentum = mass × velocity) Work Done
W = Fs (work = force × distance) Kinetic Energy
KE = ½mv² Gravitational PE
GPE = mgh Power
P = E/t (power = energy / time) Efficiency
Efficiency = useful output energy / total input energy × 100% Ohm's Law
V = IR Power
P = IV = I²R = V²/R Energy transferred
E = Pt = QV Charge
Q = It (charge = current × time) Wave speed
v = fλ (speed = frequency × wavelength) Period
T = 1/f Pressure
P = F/A (pressure = force / area) Density
ρ = m/V (density = mass / volume) Pressure in a fluid
P = ρgh Half-life
Use graph to read off time for count rate / activity to halve Change in thermal energy
ΔE = mcΔT (specific heat capacity) Learn word and symbol equations for all required reactions.
Sum of the relative atomic masses of all atoms in the formula.
Example: Mr of H₂O = (2 × 1) + 16 = 18
n = mass (g) / Mr Number of moles (n) links mass, Mr, and concentration. Essential for all quantitative chemistry.
Concentration (mol/dm³) = Moles (mol) / Volume (dm³) % Yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) × 100 Atom Economy = (Mr of desired product / Sum of Mr of all products) × 100 Combustion (complete)
Hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water Neutralisation
Acid + base → salt + water Electrolysis of water
Water → hydrogen + oxygen (2:1 ratio by volume) Thermal decomposition of CaCO₃
Calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide Quantitative biology questions test calculations and data interpretation.
Magnification = Image size / Actual size Rearranged: Actual size = Image size / Magnification. Always use consistent units (µm or mm).
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (light energy required) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+ energy released as ATP) In animals
Glucose → Lactic acid (+ small ATP) In yeast
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide (fermentation) BMI = mass (kg) / height² (m²) Estimated population = (First catch × Second catch) / Number of marked individuals recaptured % Change = ((Final value − Initial value) / Initial value) × 100 Know the aim, key variables, method, and expected results for each required practical.
Microscopy
Prepare a slide and use a light microscope to observe and draw cells Photosynthesis rate
Change light intensity/CO₂ concentration and measure O₂ produced or time for aquatic plant to float Osmosis in plant tissue
Place potato cylinders in solutions of different concentration; measure mass change and calculate % change Enzymes
Investigate effect of pH on amylase using iodine indicator; record time for starch to disappear Electrolysis
Electrolysis of aqueous solutions; identify products at anode and cathode Titration
Acid-alkali titration using indicator; calculate concentration from titre volume Chromatography
Paper chromatography to separate and identify substances in a mixture Rates of reaction
Investigate effect of concentration/temperature on rate using gas syringe or precipitate method Specific heat capacity
Measure temperature change as known power heats a known mass; use ΔE = mcΔT Resistance of wires
Measure V and I for wires of different lengths/materials; calculate R using V = IR Waves in a ripple tank
Measure wavelength and frequency; calculate wave speed v = fλ IV characteristics
Plot I-V graphs for resistor, filament lamp, and diode; describe shapes Boost your Cambridge exam confidence with these proven study strategies from our tutoring experts.
AQA provides a physics equation sheet — but some equations must be recalled. Know which are given (e.g., KE = ½mv²) and which you must memorise.
Questions on experimental design, variables, and analysis appear every year. For each practical, know: the independent variable, dependent variable, control variables, and expected result.
Write formula → substitute values with units → state answer with unit. Method marks are available even if your final answer is wrong.
Combined Science is 6 papers — don't neglect one science. Use past papers for each subject area separately to identify weaker topics.
Quick answers about this free PDF and how to use it for exam revision and active recall.
Yes. This Tutopiya formula sheet is free to use and you can download it as a PDF from this page for offline revision. There is no payment or account required for the PDF download.
This page groups key Combined Science formulas in one place for revision. Complete formula sheet for AQA GCSE Combined Science (Trilogy and Synergy). Covers all Physics equations, Chemistry key relationships, Biology formulas, and Required Practicals reference. Always cross-check with your official syllabus and past papers for your exam session.
No. In the exam you must follow only what your exam board allows in the hall—usually the official formula booklet or data sheet where provided. This page is a revision and teaching aid, not a replacement for board-issued materials.
It is written for students preparing for assessments at Secondary in Combined Science, including classroom revision, homework support, and independent study. Teachers and tutors can also share it as a quick reference.
Work through past paper questions, quote the correct formula before substituting values, and check units and notation every time. Pair this sheet with timed practice and mark schemes so you see how examiners expect working to be set out.
Explore Tutopiya’s study tools, past paper finder, and revision checklists linked from our tools hub, or book a trial lesson with a subject specialist for personalised support alongside this formula reference.
Work through Physics, Chemistry, and Biology with an experienced AQA GCSE Combined Science tutor. We cover Trilogy and Synergy with exam-focused practice across all six papers.
Pair this formula sheet with past papers, revision checklists, and planners — all free on our study tools hub.
This formula sheet aligns with AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy and Synergy specification content.
Always include units in numerical answers and show all calculation steps clearly.