Ecology and Conservation

Summary and Exam Tips for Ecology and Conservation

Ecology and Conservation is a subtopic of Option C - Ecology and Conservation, which falls under the subject Biology in the IB DP curriculum. This topic explores the intricate relationships between species and their environments, focusing on limiting factors that affect species distribution, such as biotic and abiotic factors. The niche concept is crucial, highlighting how each species plays a unique role within a community. Keystone species have a significant impact on community structure, while trophic levels and food webs illustrate energy flow in ecosystems. The processes of primary and secondary succession describe how ecosystems develop over time. Human impacts, such as the introduction of alien species and biomagnification, pose threats to biodiversity. Conservation efforts are divided into in situ and ex situ strategies, aiming to preserve biodiversity. The nitrogen and phosphorus cycles are essential for nutrient cycling, with human activities influencing these processes. Understanding these concepts is vital for addressing ecological challenges and promoting sustainable conservation practices.

Exam Tips

• Understand Limiting Factors: Be clear on how both biotic and abiotic factors influence species distribution. Use examples to illustrate these concepts.

• Niche and Competition: Grasp the niche concept and how competitive exclusion and resource partitioning affect species survival. Remember, two species cannot occupy the same niche indefinitely.

• Keystone Species: Know examples of keystone species and their roles in ecosystems. Understand how they maintain community structure.

• Succession Processes: Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Be able to describe the stages and pioneer species involved.

• Human Impacts: Focus on how alien species and biomagnification affect ecosystems. Be prepared to discuss conservation strategies, both in situ and ex situ.

• Nutrient Cycles: Familiarize yourself with the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, including key processes like nitrogen fixation and eutrophication. Use diagrams to aid understanding.

These tips will help you focus on key areas and enhance your understanding of Ecology and Conservation for your exams.