Study Notes
Enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts by increasing the rate of biochemical reactions and lowering the activation energy threshold. They have a specific active site where substrates bind, forming an enzyme-substrate complex, which is then converted into products. Enzymes are not consumed in the reaction and can be reused. Denaturation occurs when enzymes lose their shape due to factors like temperature and pH, affecting their activity. Immobilized enzymes are used in industries for processes like producing lactose-free milk and in detergents.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Enzyme: A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.
- Active Site: The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
- Denaturation: Loss of enzyme activity due to structural changes.
Common Confusions
- Enzymes are not consumed in reactions.
- Denaturation is often irreversible.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the role of an enzyme in a biochemical reaction? Enzymes lower the activation energy and increase the reaction rate.
- How does temperature affect enzyme activity? Temperature increases activity up to an optimal point, then causes denaturation.
- What happens when an enzyme is denatured? The enzyme loses its shape and cannot bind to substrates.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of enzyme-substrate specificity.
- Effects of temperature, pH, and substrate concentration on enzyme activity.
- Industrial applications of enzymes.