Study Notes
Climate change is driven by the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide and water vapour, which trap heat and affect global temperatures. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have significantly increased these gases since the industrial revolution, leading to global warming and environmental impacts like coral reef bleaching.
- Greenhouse Gases — gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.
Example: Carbon dioxide and water vapour are significant greenhouse gases. - Greenhouse Effect — the process by which greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, keeping Earth warm.
Example: Similar to how a greenhouse retains heat for plants. - Methane — a greenhouse gas with a significant warming effect, emitted from natural and human sources.
Example: Produced by ruminants and in waterlogged habitats. - Albedo — the measure of how much light a surface reflects.
Example: Ice has a high albedo, reflecting most sunlight. - Ocean Acidification — the decrease in pH of ocean water due to increased carbon dioxide absorption.
Example: Leads to coral bleaching and affects marine life.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Greenhouse Gases
- Greenhouse Effect
- Methane
- Albedo
- Ocean Acidification
Common Confusions
- Confusing weather with climate; weather changes daily, while climate is long-term.
- Misunderstanding the role of different greenhouse gases; not all have the same impact.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the greenhouse effect? The process by which greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere.
- How do human activities contribute to climate change? By increasing greenhouse gas emissions through burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
- What is ocean acidification and its impact? The decrease in ocean pH due to CO2 absorption, leading to coral bleaching.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of the greenhouse effect and its components.
- The impact of human activities on climate change.
- The relationship between carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures.