Study Notes
Neurobiology and behaviour explores the development and function of the nervous system, including neural development, neuron migration, and the formation of synapses. It also examines the brain's structure and function, perception of stimuli, and the impact of drugs on neural transmission.
- Neural Tube — a structure formed by the infolding of ectoderm in embryonic chordates. Example: It develops into the central nervous system.
- Neurulation — the process of forming the neural tube in embryonic chordates. Example: Involves the bending and closing of the neural plate.
- Neuroplasticity — the ability of the nervous system to change and adapt. Example: Allows the brain to reorganize after a stroke.
- Synapse — a junction where a neuron transmits a signal to another cell. Example: Can be chemical or electrical.
- Neural Pruning — the process of eliminating unused neurons and synapses. Example: Reinforces learned behaviors by removing excess connections.
- Stroke — the sudden death of brain cells due to inadequate blood flow. Example: Can be ischemic or hemorrhagic.
- Photoreception — the mechanism of light detection by the eyes. Example: Involves rod and cone cells in the retina.
- Taxis — a movement response towards or away from a stimulus. Example: Euglena moving towards light (positive phototaxis).
- Operant Conditioning — a form of learning through trial and error. Example: Learning to avoid negative outcomes through experience.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Neural Tube
- Neurulation
- Neuroplasticity
- Synapse
- Neural Pruning
Common Confusions
- Difference between neural tube and neural crest
- Neuroplasticity vs. neural pruning
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the role of the neural tube in embryonic development? It forms the central nervous system.
- How does neuroplasticity aid in recovery after a stroke? It allows the brain to reorganize and restore function.
- What is the difference between taxis and kinesis? Taxis is directional movement towards/away from a stimulus, while kinesis is a change in activity rate.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of neural development processes
- Ability to explain the role of neuroplasticity
- Differences between innate and learned behaviors