Study Notes
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other. This type of bond typically occurs between metals and non-metals.
- Cation — a positive ion formed when an atom loses electrons Example: Sodium (Na) loses one electron to form Na+
- Anion — a negative ion formed when an atom gains electrons Example: Chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to form Cl-
- Ion — an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge Example: Formed by an atom losing or gaining electrons
- Ionic Bond — a bond formed due to the strong electrostatic attractions between positive and negative ions Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
- Lattice Structure — the regular arrangement of ions in an ionic compound held together by strong electrostatic forces Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Cation: A positive ion formed when an atom loses electrons
- Anion: A negative ion formed when an atom gains electrons
- Ionic Bond: A bond formed due to the strong electrostatic attractions between positive and negative ions
Common Confusions
- Confusing cations and anions
- Forgetting that ionic compounds must be drawn with ions separated and enclosed in square brackets with a charge
Typical Exam Questions
- What is a cation? A positive ion formed when an atom loses electrons
- How is an ionic bond formed? By the strong electrostatic attractions between positive and negative ions
- Why can molten or aqueous ionic compounds conduct electricity? Because they have free ions that can transport charge
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of how ionic bonds are formed
- Ability to draw dot and cross diagrams for ionic compounds
- Knowledge of the properties of ionic compounds, such as electrical conductivity in different states