Study Notes
Respiration is the release of energy from nutrient molecules via a chemical reaction that occurs in every living cell. It can be aerobic, requiring oxygen, or anaerobic, not requiring oxygen.
- Respiration — the release of energy from nutrient molecules in cells. Example: Glucose is the main nutrient molecule used in respiration.
- Aerobic Respiration — a process that releases a large amount of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen. Example: Takes place in the mitochondria and produces 38 ATPs.
- Anaerobic Respiration — a process that releases energy from glucose without using oxygen. Example: Produces lactic acid in animals and ethanol in yeast.
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) — a molecule that acts as energy currency in cells. Example: Each aerobic reaction produces 38 ATPs.
- Oxygen Debt — the extra oxygen required after exercise to oxidize lactic acid. Example: Causes heavy breathing after vigorous exercise.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Respiration: The release of energy from nutrient molecules in cells.
- Aerobic Respiration: Energy release from glucose in the presence of oxygen.
- Anaerobic Respiration: Energy release from glucose without oxygen.
- ATP: Energy currency of the cell.
Common Confusions
- Breathing is not the same as respiration.
- Lactic acid is the only product of anaerobic respiration in animals, not carbon dioxide.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the main substrate used in respiration? Glucose
- How many ATPs are produced in aerobic respiration? 38 ATPs
- What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in yeast? Ethanol
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration.
- The role of enzymes in respiration.
- The concept of oxygen debt and its effects.