Summary
Polymers are large molecules made from small units called monomers. Different polymers have different units and linkages, such as C-C, ester, or amide linkages. There are two types of polymers: synthetic and natural.
- Polymer — large molecule made from monomers Example: Poly(ethene) is made from ethene monomers.
- Monomer — small unit that joins to form polymers Example: Ethene is a monomer used to make poly(ethene).
- Addition Polymerization — process where monomers join without forming other molecules Example: Poly(ethene) is formed by addition polymerization of ethene.
- Condensation Polymerization — process where monomers join and release a small molecule Example: Nylon is formed by condensation polymerization, releasing water.
- Synthetic Polymers — man-made polymers Example: Nylon and Terylene.
- Natural Polymers — naturally occurring polymers Example: DNA and proteins.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Polymer: Large molecule made from monomers.
- Monomer: Small unit that joins to form polymers.
- Addition Polymerization: Monomers join without forming other molecules.
- Condensation Polymerization: Monomers join and release a small molecule.
Common Confusions
- Confusing addition and condensation polymerization.
- Misunderstanding the difference between synthetic and natural polymers.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is a polymer? A large molecule made from monomers.
- How is poly(ethene) formed? By addition polymerization of ethene monomers.
- What is released in condensation polymerization? A small molecule, such as water.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of polymerization processes.
- Differences between synthetic and natural polymers.
- Ability to identify examples of polymers and monomers.