What are the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table?

Group 1 of the Periodic Table, also known as the alkali metals, includes the elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). These elements are characterized by having a single electron in their outermost shell, which makes them highly reactive.

Why are Group 1 elements called alkali metals?

Group 1 elements are called alkali metals because they form alkaline solutions when they react with water. This reaction produces a hydroxide ion, which is basic in nature. For example, when sodium reacts with water, it forms sodium hydroxide, a strong base.

How do the physical properties of Group 1 elements change down the group?

As you move down Group 1 in the Periodic Table, the alkali metals become softer, have lower melting and boiling points, and increase in density. For instance, lithium is harder and has a higher melting point compared to cesium, which is very soft and has a low melting point.

What is the trend in reactivity of Group 1 elements?

The reactivity of Group 1 elements increases as you move down the group. This is because the outer electron is further from the nucleus and is more easily lost, making elements like cesium and francium more reactive than lithium and sodium.

How do Group 1 elements react with water?

Group 1 elements react vigorously with water to form an alkaline hydroxide and hydrogen gas. For example, when potassium reacts with water, it forms potassium hydroxide and releases hydrogen gas, often with enough energy to ignite the hydrogen.

Groups in the Periodic TableEdexcel GCSE Chemistry (1CH0)

Group 1

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