Question 1

What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, and fungi, have a defined nucleus and organelles like mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. This distinction is crucial in Edexcel A Levels Biology B as it underpins the understanding of cellular complexity and function.

Question 2

How do viruses differ from living cells in terms of reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Viruses cannot reproduce independently; they require a host cell to replicate. Unlike living cells, which reproduce through processes like mitosis or meiosis, viruses inject their genetic material into a host, hijacking the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles. This concept is essential in understanding the nature of viruses in the Edexcel A Levels Biology B curriculum.

Question 3

What role do mitosis and meiosis play in the reproduction of living things?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, crucial for growth and tissue repair. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces four genetically diverse gametes, essential for sexual reproduction. These processes are fundamental to the study of reproduction in living organisms, a key topic in Edexcel A Levels Biology B.

Question 4

How do plant cells differ from animal cells in terms of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and large central vacuoles, which are absent in animal cells. These structural differences support functions like photosynthesis and maintaining cell rigidity, which are important concepts in the Edexcel A Levels Biology B syllabus under the study of cells.

Question 5

What is the significance of the cell cycle in the context of cellular reproduction?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle is a series of phases that cells go through to grow and divide. It includes stages like interphase, where the cell prepares for division, and mitotic phase, where actual division occurs. Understanding the cell cycle is crucial for grasping how cells reproduce and maintain genetic stability, a key aspect of the Edexcel A Levels Biology B curriculum.

Cells, viruses and reproduction of living things

Cells, viruses and reproduction of living things — frequently asked questions