Study Notes
The water cycle is a continuous process where water moves through the atmosphere, ocean, and land, driven by the sun's energy, and is essential for life on Earth.
- Evaporation — the process where the sun heats liquid water, turning it into gas. Example: Water evaporating from oceans and lakes.
- Transpiration — the evaporation of water from plant surfaces. Example: Water vapor released from leaves.
- Condensation — the cooling of water vapor into liquid, forming clouds. Example: Cloud formation in the sky.
- Precipitation — when condensed water in clouds falls to Earth. Example: Rain, snow, or hail.
- Run-off — water that flows over the land into bodies of water. Example: Rivers carrying water to the ocean.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Evaporation: The process of liquid water turning into gas.
- Transpiration: Evaporation of water from plants.
- Condensation: Gas turning back into liquid.
- Precipitation: Water falling from clouds to Earth.
- Run-off: Water flowing over land into bodies of water.
Common Confusions
- Confusing evaporation with transpiration.
- Thinking condensation only happens in cold weather.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is evaporation? The process where liquid water turns into gas due to heat.
- How do clouds form? Through condensation of water vapor into liquid.
- What happens during precipitation? Water falls from clouds to the Earth as rain, snow, or hail.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of each stage of the water cycle.
- Ability to explain how the water cycle supports life on Earth.