Study Notes
Environmental change refers to alterations in the environment that affect ecosystems and biodiversity. It includes factors like habitat destruction, pollution, and invasive species, which can lead to species extinction.
- Habitat destruction — the process where a natural habitat becomes unable to support its native species. Example: Deforestation leading to loss of biodiversity.
- Pollution — the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. Example: Industrial waste polluting rivers.
- Invasive species — non-native species that cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health. Example: Feral pigs competing with native wildlife.
- Acid rain — precipitation with acidic components like sulfuric or nitric acid. Example: Acid rain damaging forests and lakes.
- Carbon dioxide — a greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. Example: Burning fossil fuels increasing atmospheric CO2 levels.
- Endangered species — species at high risk of extinction. Example: Bengal tigers losing habitat due to deforestation.
- Captive breeding — breeding endangered species in controlled environments. Example: Zoos breeding pandas to increase population.
- Conservation — efforts to protect species and habitats from extinction. Example: Creating wildlife sanctuaries for Indian rhinos.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Habitat destruction: The process where a natural habitat becomes unable to support its native species.
- Pollution: The introduction of harmful materials into the environment.
- Invasive species: Non-native species that cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health.
- Acid rain: Precipitation with acidic components like sulfuric or nitric acid.
- Carbon dioxide: A greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.
- Endangered species: Species at high risk of extinction.
Common Confusions
- Confusing pollution with natural environmental changes.
- Misunderstanding the difference between endangered and extinct species.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is habitat destruction? The process where a natural habitat becomes unable to support its native species.
- How does pollution affect biodiversity? Pollution introduces harmful materials that can damage ecosystems and reduce biodiversity.
- What are invasive species? Non-native species that cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of key terms like habitat destruction and pollution.
- Ability to explain the impact of environmental changes on biodiversity.
- Knowledge of conservation methods and their importance.