Study Notes
Pozzulo et al. examined the reliability of eyewitness identification across different age groups and line-up conditions, focusing on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony in criminal investigations.
- Eyewitness Testimony — accounts given by people who witnessed an event, often used in criminal investigations. Example: A witness describing a suspect's appearance in a police report.
- False Positive Responses — when a witness incorrectly identifies someone as being present at a crime scene. Example: A child picking an innocent person from a line-up due to social pressure.
- Target-Present Line-Up — a line-up where the actual suspect is included. Example: Witnesses identifying the suspect correctly from a group of people.
- Target-Absent Line-Up — a line-up where the suspect is not included, leading to potential false identifications. Example: Witnesses mistakenly identifying an innocent person because the real suspect is not present.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Eyewitness Testimony
- False Positive Responses
- Target-Present Line-Up
- Target-Absent Line-Up
Common Confusions
- Confusing target-present with target-absent line-ups
- Assuming children have the same identification accuracy as adults
Typical Exam Questions
- What is a dependent variable measured in this study? Identification accuracy
- Describe one finding related to false identifications. Higher false identification rates for children than adults
- Suggest one application of this study to police line-up procedures. Improved instructions to witnesses to reduce pressure
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of the differences in identification accuracy between children and adults
- Ability to explain the implications of false positive responses in legal contexts
- Knowledge of how line-up procedures can be improved based on psychological research