Study Notes
The biological approach in psychology explains human behaviour, cognitions, and emotions through biological mechanisms like the brain, hormones, genetics, and evolution. It views the mind and body as interconnected systems where biological processes influence psychological experiences.
- Biological Approach — a perspective that explains behaviour through biology. Example: Examining how neurotransmitters affect mood.
- Localisation of Function — different brain regions have specific functions. Example: The frontal lobe is involved in decision-making.
- Neurotransmitters — chemical messengers in the brain. Example: Dopamine is linked to reward and motivation.
- Endocrine System — a network of glands that secrete hormones. Example: Adrenaline increases alertness during stress.
- Genotype — an individual's genetic makeup. Example: DNA sequences inherited from parents.
- Phenotype — observable traits from gene-environment interaction. Example: Eye colour influenced by genetics and environment.
- Natural Selection — process where advantageous traits become common. Example: Fear of heights helped ancestors avoid danger.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Biological Approach
- Localisation of Function
- Neurotransmitters
- Endocrine System
- Genotype
- Phenotype
- Natural Selection
Common Confusions
- Confusing genotype with phenotype
- Overlooking the role of environment in biological processes
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the biological approach? It explains behaviour through biological mechanisms like the brain and hormones.
- How do neurotransmitters affect behaviour? They transmit signals in the brain, influencing mood and actions.
- What is the role of the frontal lobe? It is responsible for decision-making and impulse control.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of key biological terms and their functions
- Ability to explain how biological processes influence behaviour
- Knowledge of research methods used in the biological approach