Summary
The debate over Hitler's role in the Holocaust centers on whether genocide was premeditated by Hitler or emerged through wartime radicalisation. Intentionalism — a historiographical approach arguing that the Holocaust was a result of Hitler's long-standing antisemitic ideology and premeditated plans.
Example: Intentionalists believe Hitler's ideology from the 1920s led directly to the Holocaust.
Hitler as Central Decision-Maker — the view that all major decisions regarding Jewish persecution stemmed from Hitler's authority.
Example: Intentionalists argue the Final Solution required Hitler's explicit approval.
Lucy Dawidowicz — a historian who argues that Hitler had decided on genocide by the time he wrote Mein Kampf.
Example: Dawidowicz's work emphasizes Hitler's long-term planning and ideological consistency.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Intentionalism
- Hitler as Central Decision-Maker
- Lucy Dawidowicz
Common Confusions
- Confusing Intentionalism with Functionalism
- Assuming all historians agree on Hitler's role
Typical Exam Questions
- What is Intentionalism? Intentionalism argues that the Holocaust was premeditated by Hitler.
- How do Intentionalists view Hitler's role? They see him as central to decision-making and planning.
- What is a key argument of Lucy Dawidowicz? She argues that Hitler's genocidal plans were long-standing.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of Intentionalism vs. other interpretations
- Ability to evaluate strengths and limitations of Intentionalism
- Knowledge of key historians like Lucy Dawidowicz