Summary
The period from 1919 to 1929 was marked by significant international agreements aimed at maintaining peace and stability after World War I.
- Paris Peace Conference — Meeting of Allied powers to negotiate peace terms after WWI.
Example: Held on 18 Jan 1919. - Treaty of Versailles — Treaty imposing harsh terms on Germany and establishing the League of Nations.
Example: Signed on 28 June 1919. - Treaties of Saint-Germain & Trianon — Agreements that resulted in Austria and Hungary losing territory.
Example: Occurred in 1919–20. - Treaty of Sèvres — Treaty that partitioned the Ottoman Empire and initiated League operations.
Example: Signed on 10 Aug 1920. - Åaland Islands dispute — A territorial dispute between Finland and Sweden mediated by the League.
Example: Took place in 1920–21. - Washington Naval Conference — Conference that limited naval armaments.
Example: Held in 1921. - Rapallo Treaty — Agreement where Germany and Soviet Russia normalized relations.
Example: Signed on 16 April 1922. - Treaty of Lausanne — Treaty that established modern Turkey and addressed the Corfu and Ruhr crises.
Example: Signed on 24 July 1923. - Dawes Plan — Plan to restructure German reparations.
Example: Implemented on 16 Aug 1924. - Locarno Treaties — Treaties guaranteeing Western European borders.
Example: Signed on 16 Oct 1925. - Germany joins League — Germany admitted as a permanent Council member of the League.
Example: Occurred on 8 Sept 1926. - Kellogg–Briand Pact — Pact renouncing war as a policy instrument.
Example: Signed on 27 Aug 1928. - Young Plan — Plan reducing German reparations and evacuating the Rhineland.
Example: Implemented on 31 Aug 1929.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Paris Peace Conference
- Treaty of Versailles
- League of Nations
- Dawes Plan
- Kellogg–Briand Pact
Common Confusions
- Confusing the Treaty of Versailles with the Treaty of Lausanne
- Misunderstanding the purpose of the Washington Naval Conference
Typical Exam Questions
- What were the main terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Answer: Harsh terms for Germany, creation of the League of Nations.
- How did the Dawes Plan aim to stabilize Germany? Answer: By restructuring German reparations.
- What was the significance of the Kellogg–Briand Pact? Answer: It renounced war as a policy instrument.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of the impact of the Treaty of Versailles
- The role of the League of Nations in mediating disputes
- The significance of the Locarno Treaties in European diplomacy