Summary
Stalin's Russia from 1924 to 1941 was marked by significant political and social changes, including power struggles, economic plans, and international alliances.
- Lenin's Death — Lenin died on 21 January 1924, leading to a power struggle. Example: Stalin, Zinoviev, and Kamenev formed an alliance to defeat Trotsky.
- Five Year Plan — Initiated in 1928, aimed at rapid industrialisation. Example: Trotsky was exiled, and the USSR focused on industrial growth.
- Great Turn — In 1929, Stalin became the undisputed leader and began forced collectivisation. Example: This marked the start of dekulakisation, targeting wealthier peasants.
- Famine — From 1932 to 1933, a devastating famine occurred. Example: Millions died, particularly in Ukraine.
- Murder of Kirov — In December 1934, Kirov's murder led to increased repression. Example: It was a catalyst for the Great Terror.
- Stalin Constitution — Enacted in 1936, it reinforced traditional values. Example: Show Trials and the 'Great Retreat' occurred during this time.
- Great Terror — From 1936 to 1938, mass arrests and executions took place. Example: The Red Army was significantly weakened.
- Nazi-Soviet Pact — Signed on 23 August 1939, it was a temporary alliance with Germany. Example: This pact preceded the German invasion in 1941.
- Operation Barbarossa — On 22 June 1941, Germany invaded the USSR. Example: This marked the USSR's entry into the Second World War.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Lenin's Death
- Five Year Plan
- Great Turn
- Dekulakisation
- Great Terror
Common Confusions
- Confusing the timeline of the Five Year Plan and the Great Turn
- Misunderstanding the impact of the Nazi-Soviet Pact
Typical Exam Questions
- What was the significance of Lenin's death? It led to a power struggle and the rise of Stalin.
- How did the Five Year Plan impact the USSR? It initiated rapid industrialisation and economic changes.
- What were the consequences of the Great Terror? Mass arrests, executions, and weakening of the Red Army.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of key events and their impact on Soviet society
- Ability to explain the significance of international alliances
- Analysis of Stalin's leadership and policies