Summary
Genetic technology in medicine involves using techniques like recombinant DNA to produce human proteins, genetic screening to identify disease risks, and gene therapy to treat genetic disorders. These technologies offer significant medical benefits but also raise social and ethical concerns.
- Recombinant DNA — DNA altered by including nucleotides from different sources.
Example: Used to produce human insulin in bacteria. - Genetic Screening — Analyzing DNA to detect specific alleles.
Example: Screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes linked to breast cancer. - Gene Therapy — Altering genetic makeup to treat or cure diseases.
Example: Using viral vectors to introduce normal genes into cells for SCID treatment.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Recombinant DNA: DNA altered by including nucleotides from different sources.
- Genetic Screening: Analyzing DNA to detect specific alleles.
- Gene Therapy: Altering genetic makeup to treat or cure diseases.
Common Confusions
- Confusing recombinant DNA with genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
- Misunderstanding the difference between somatic and germline gene therapy.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is amniocentesis used for? Used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and metabolic disorders in embryos.
- Which statement is incorrect about in vivo gene therapy hosts? The host must carry mutation for the gene of interest.
- What is not an ethical implication of gene therapy? Gives a positive advantage as the genes are changed.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of how recombinant proteins are produced.
- Benefits and limitations of genetic screening.
- Ethical and social implications of gene therapy.
