Evidence
Multiple independent lines of evidence converge.
Temperature records. ~1.1°C warming since ~1880. Last decade warmest on record.
Ice cores. Antarctic + Greenland cores capture air bubbles preserving atmospheric composition for ~800,000 years. Show clear CO₂-temperature link.
Glacier retreat. Most glaciers worldwide have retreated since 1900. Time-lapse photos document loss.
Sea-level rise. ~20 cm since 1900. Accelerating. Confirmed by tide gauges + satellite altimetry.
Other. Tree rings, ocean acidification, species range shifts, declining sea ice.
Cambridge tip. Mark scheme rewards multiple INDEPENDENT lines of evidence.
- Temperature, ice cores, glaciers, sea level.
- Multiple independent lines converge.
- Recent acceleration unprecedented.
See the full worked example for evidence and causes of climate change →