System vs application software
System software runs the machine; application software does the user's task.
Software splits into two big families.
System software. Runs and manages the computer itself.
- Operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS) β the master.
- Device drivers β translate between the OS and specific hardware.
- Utility programs β small tools for maintenance (anti-virus, file compression, defragmenter, backup, screen-recorder, disk-cleaner).
- Firmware β low-level code in hardware (BIOS, UEFI, embedded controllers).
Application software. Does the actual things users want to do.
- Productivity (word processor, spreadsheet, presentation).
- Web browsers.
- Image / video editors.
- Games.
- Media players.
Cambridge tip. Mark scheme expects students to differentiate by PURPOSE: system runs the COMPUTER; applications do USER TASKS. A web browser is APPLICATION software even though it ships with the OS.
- System runs the machine; applications run on top.
- Utilities are SYSTEM software (maintenance tools).
- Web browser, Word, games = APPLICATION software.