Study Notes
Polymers are long chain molecules formed from small units called monomers. They can be synthetic or natural, with different monomer units and linkages.
- Polymer — long chain molecules made from monomers Example: Poly(ethene) is a polymer made from ethene monomers.
- Monomer — small units that join to form polymers Example: Ethene is a monomer used to make poly(ethene).
- Addition Polymerisation — process where monomers with C=C bonds form polymers Example: Poly(ethene) is formed by addition polymerisation of ethene.
- Condensation Polymerisation — process where monomers with different functional groups form polymers and release small molecules like water Example: Nylon is formed by condensation polymerisation of monomers with amine and carboxylic acid groups.
- Synthetic Polymer — man-made polymers Example: Nylon and Terylene are synthetic polymers.
- Natural Polymer — polymers that occur in nature Example: Proteins are natural polymers made from amino acids.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Polymer: Long chain molecules made from monomers
- Monomer: Small units that join to form polymers
- Addition Polymerisation: Process where monomers with C=C bonds form polymers
- Condensation Polymerisation: Process where monomers with different functional groups form polymers and release small molecules like water
Common Confusions
- Confusing addition polymerisation with condensation polymerisation
- Mistaking synthetic polymers for natural polymers
Typical Exam Questions
- What is a polymer? A long chain molecule made from monomers.
- How is poly(ethene) formed? By addition polymerisation of ethene monomers.
- What is the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation? Addition polymerisation involves C=C bonds, while condensation polymerisation involves different functional groups and releases small molecules like water.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of polymerisation processes
- Ability to deduce polymer structures from given monomers
- Knowledge of environmental challenges caused by plastics