Study Notes
Immunity is the body's ability to resist diseases through various defense mechanisms.
- Antigen — a substance that triggers an immune response. Example: Proteins on the surface of pathogens.
- Antibody — a protein produced by B-cells that neutralizes pathogens. Example: Antibodies binding to viruses to prevent infection.
- Vaccination — a method to induce immunity by exposing the body to a harmless form of a pathogen. Example: Measles vaccine.
- Active Immunity — immunity developed by the body producing its own antibodies. Example: Immunity gained after recovering from chickenpox.
- Passive Immunity — immunity gained through antibodies from another source. Example: Antibodies passed from mother to baby through breast milk.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Antigen
- Antibody
- Active Immunity
- Passive Immunity
Common Confusions
- Mixing up active and passive immunity
- Confusing antigens with antibodies
Typical Exam Questions
- What is an antigen? A substance that triggers an immune response.
- How do vaccines work? They expose the body to a harmless form of a pathogen to induce immunity.
- What is the difference between active and passive immunity? Active immunity involves the body making its own antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of how vaccines induce immunity
- Differences between active and passive immunity
- The role of antibodies in the immune response