Summary
Reproduction in plants ensures the continuity of their kind and allows them to pass on characteristics to their young.
- Stigma — part of the flower that receives pollen grains. Example: The stigma is sticky to catch pollen.
- Filament — supports the anther. Example: The filament holds the anther up for pollination.
- Anther — contains pollen grains. Example: The anther releases pollen for pollination.
- Style — connects the stigma to the ovary. Example: The pollen tube grows through the style.
- Ovary — contains ovules. Example: The ovary develops into a fruit after fertilisation.
- Ovule — contains egg cells. Example: The ovule becomes a seed after fertilisation.
- Pollination — transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma. Example: Bees help in pollination by carrying pollen.
- Fertilisation — fusion of the pollen grain and egg cell. Example: Fertilisation leads to the formation of seeds.
- Seed Dispersal — prevents overcrowding and reduces competition. Example: Seeds can be dispersed by wind, water, animals, or splitting.
- Germination — process where seeds develop into young plants. Example: Germination requires water, oxygen, and warmth.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Pollination: Transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma
- Fertilisation: Fusion of the pollen grain and egg cell
- Germination: Development of seeds into young plants
Common Confusions
- Confusing pollination with fertilisation
- Misunderstanding the role of each flower part
Typical Exam Questions
- What is pollination? Transfer of pollen grain from the anther to the stigma
- How does fertilisation occur in plants? The pollen grain fuses with the egg cell in the ovule
- What conditions are necessary for germination? Water, oxygen, and warmth
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of the process of pollination and fertilisation
- Ability to identify parts of a flower and their functions
- Knowledge of different methods of seed dispersal