Summary
Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object and the average kinetic energy of molecules in a body. It determines the direction of net thermal energy transfer between two objects.
- Temperature — measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object. Example: A hot cup of coffee has a higher temperature than a cold glass of water.
- Heat/Thermal energy — amount of thermal energy transferred from a hotter to a colder region. Example: Heat flows from a hot stove to a cold pot.
- Temperature scale — method used to quantify temperature. Example: Celsius scale with ice point at 0°C and steam point at 100°C.
- Thermodynamic scale — Kelvin is the base unit of thermodynamic temperature measurement. Example: 0 K is equivalent to -273°C.
- Thermometric properties — physical properties that vary with temperature, used to measure temperature. Example: Volume of a liquid in a mercury-in-glass thermometer.
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Temperature: Measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
- Heat/Thermal energy: Energy transferred from a hotter to a colder region.
- Thermodynamic scale: Kelvin scale used for temperature measurement.
Common Confusions
- Confusing temperature with heat; temperature is a measure, while heat is energy transfer.
- Misunderstanding the difference between Celsius and Kelvin scales.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is the SI unit of temperature? Kelvin (K)
- How is the Celsius scale defined? By the ice point at 0°C and steam point at 100°C
- What property does a resistance thermometer use to measure temperature? Electrical resistance of a metal
What Examiners Usually Test
- Understanding of temperature scales and conversions
- Ability to explain how thermometric properties are used in thermometers
- Knowledge of the calibration process for thermometers