Study Notes
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions. These ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces in a lattice structure.
- Ion — an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons, resulting in a charge. Example: Sodium ion (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-).
- Cation — a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons. Example: Sodium ion (Na+).
- Anion — a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons. Example: Chloride ion (Cl-).
- Ionic Compound — a compound composed of cations and anions bound together by ionic bonds. Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl).
Exam Tips
Key Definitions to Remember
- Ion: An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
- Cation: A positively charged ion.
- Anion: A negatively charged ion.
- Ionic Compound: A compound formed by ionic bonds.
Common Confusions
- Confusing ionic bonds with covalent bonds, which involve sharing electrons.
- Misunderstanding that ionic compounds conduct electricity only when molten or dissolved, not in solid form.
Typical Exam Questions
- What is an ionic bond? An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- How do you determine the formula of an ionic compound? Balance the charges of the ions to ensure the compound is neutral.
- Why do ionic compounds have high melting points? Due to strong electrostatic forces between ions in the lattice.
What Examiners Usually Test
- Ability to write formulas for ionic compounds.
- Understanding of the properties of ionic compounds, such as melting points and electrical conductivity.
- Knowledge of how ions form from atoms.